2018年西宁市城郊居民高血压流行现况及其影响因素分析

Study on the prevalence of hypertension and its influencing factors among residents in a suburb of Xining City

目的了解青海高原地区城郊居民的高血压患病情况及其影响因素,为青海高原地区城郊居民的高血压防治提供相关的科学依据。方法采用方便抽样方法,于2018年选择青海省西宁市某城郊35~65岁常住居民开展问卷调查和体格检查。使用欧姆龙HEM-7071电子血压计测量调查对象的血压值,采用Epi Data 3.5软件双录入数据,SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析,采用χ^(2)检验和多因素Logistic回归模型分析高血压患病的影响因素,并采用χ^(2)_(趋势)检验进行相关趋势性分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果本研究共调查2 664名城郊居民,高血压的患病率高达36.8%(全国和全省2010年人口标化患病率分别为32.0%和29.8%);男性城郊居民的高血压患病率(45.2%)明显高于女性居民(32.0%)(χ^(2)=42.29,P<0.05);随着城郊居民年龄的增长,高血压的患病率呈现升高趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=115.97,P<0.05);且城郊居民的体质指数(BMI)不断增高,高血压的患病率逐渐上升(χ^(2)_(趋势)=139.15,P<0.05)。多因素非条件Logistic回归模型分析可发现:城郊居民的性别、年龄、BMI及是否体育锻炼是高血压患病的独立影响因素。结论该城郊地区35~65岁居民的高血压防控形势依然严峻,应以男性、老年人、超重和肥胖者为重点防治人群,积极开展以社区(村委会)为基础的高血压防治健康教育,提高当地居民的高血压防控意识,同时应加强当地居民生活方式干预,以降低其该人群高血压患病率。

Objective The study aimed to grasp the prevalence of hypertension and its influencing factors among residents in the suburb of Qinghai Plateau and provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hypertension among suburban residents of plateau area. Methods The convenient sampling method was used to select 2664 permanent residents aged 35 to 65 years old in a suburb of Xining City in 2018, Qinghai Province and a questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted. The blood pressure of the suburban residents was measured with the Omron HEM-7071 electronic sphygmomanometer. The Epi data 3.5 software was used for data double entry. The SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The multivariate Logistic regression model and the Chi-square test were applied to analyze the influencing factors of hypertension,and the Chi-square trend test was applied to analyze related trends. The test lavel α=0.05.Results This study investigated a total of 2664 suburban residents,and the prevalence of hypertension was as high as 36.8%(the national and provincial population standardized prevalence rate in 2010 were 32.0% and 29.8% respectively);the prevalence of hypertension is statistically different in gender (χ^(2)=42.27,P<0.05),and that of male suburban residents(45.2%) are higher than female residents(32.0%);with the increase of the age of urban residents,the prevalence of hypertension has shown a upward trend (χ^(2) _(trend)=115.97,P<0.05);and the body mass index(BMI) of residents in suburban areas increases,and the prevalence of hypertension increases gradually (χ^(2) _(trend)=139.15,P<0.05). The multivariate unconditional logistic regression model analysis have found that the gender,age,BMI and physical exercise of suburban residents are independent influencing factors of hypertension. Conclusions The situation of the prevention and control of hypertension among residents aged 35 to 65 in the suburbs is still severe. Men, the elderly, overweight and obese people were the key population for prevention and treatment. Community-based(Village committee)hypertension prevention and health education should be actively carried out to raise the awareness of hypertension prevention and control among suburban residents, meanwhile lifestyle intervention should be strengthened among suburban residents to reduce the prevalence of hypertension.