2020年南充市8~10岁儿童碘缺乏病调查结果分析

A survey of iodine deficiency disease in children aged 8 to 10 years in Nanchong in 2020

目的了解2020年南充市8~10岁儿童碘营养状况。方法于2020年在南充市所辖的每个县(市、区)按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各随机抽取1个乡(镇、街道)的中心小学,采集学校食堂盐样1份,采集8~10岁儿童家中盐样、尿样,检测碘含量,并对儿童进行甲状腺容积B超检测,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,均数比较采用方差分析,P<0.05为有显著性差异。结果共调查8~10岁儿童1 800名,甲肿率为1.67%,甲状腺肿大率与年龄、地区无关,与性别有关,且女性高于男性(χ^(2)=4.182,P=0.041);尿碘中位数为177.58μg/L,不同尿碘水平组甲状腺容积差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.732,P=0.03)尿碘100~299μg/L水平组甲状腺容积最大为2.75 ml,8岁、9岁和10岁不同尿碘水平组甲状腺容积之间差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.169,P>0.05);儿童家中食用盐样1 800份,非碘盐1份,学校食堂盐样38份,均为合格碘盐,合格碘盐覆盖率为97.22%。结论 2020年南充市8~10岁儿童碘营养处于适宜水平。

Objective To understand the current iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years old in Nanchong. Methods One elementary school of the town was randomly chosen from each of 21 counties according to the east, west, south, north and middle locations, and samples of salt was collected from school canteen. The thyroid of 40 children aged 8-10 years old was examined by B ultrasound,as well as urinary iodine was also detected,and the salt iodine content was determined which sampled from each child′s household. Chi-square test was used to compare the rates,and analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values. P<0.05 was considered as significant difference. Results A total of 1 800 children aged 8 to 10 years were investigated.The goiter rate was 1.67%. The goiter rate was not related to age and region,but to gender,and the female was higher than the male (χ^(2)=4.182, P=0.041). The median of urinary iodine was177.58 μg/L. There difference of thyroid volume between different levels of urinary iodine group was statistic significant (χ^(2)=11.732, P=0.03), the maximum thyroid volume of 100-299 μg/L urinary iodine level group was 2.75 mL. There was no significant difference in thyroid volume between ages under urinary iodine level (χ^(2)=4.169,P>0.05). Total 1 800 samples of edible salt in children’s households, one sample of non-iodized salt, and 38 samples of salt in school canteen were all qualified iodized salt, and the coverage rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.22%.Conclusions The iodine nutrition level of children aged 8-10 years old is optimal in Nanchong city 2020.