北京市昌平区心血管病高危人群检出特征及影响因素分析

Analysis on the detection rate and influencing factors of high risk population of cardiovascular disease in Changping District of Beijing

目的了解北京市昌平区居民心血管病高危人群检出率及影响因素,为昌平区制定心血管病防控策略及措施提供科学依据。方法 2018年国家心血管病中心在北京市昌平区开展"心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目",昌平区筛查点的35~75岁常住居民为本次筛查对象,询问筛查对象的基本信息、心血管健康状况,进行体格检查、生物样本采集及测定,对纳入本次研究的12 576名居民的数据进行分析。采用χ^(2)检验、趋势χ^(2)检验、Logistic回归进行统计分析。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果北京市昌平区筛查出心血管病高危对象2 524人,高危率为20.1%,其中男性高危率(25.5%)高于女性高危率(17.2%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。昌平区血压高型、心血管病史型、血脂异常型、WHO风险评估的患病风险≥20%型高危类型检出率分别为9.9%、3.7%、8.6%和2.4%。心血管病高危类型聚集情况为0、1、2、≥3种的构成比分别为79.9%、16.2%、3.3%和0.6%。不同性别、年龄、受教育程度、BMI水平的四种高危类型聚集分布的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示超重/肥胖、吸烟、血脂异常、糖尿病、高血压是心血管病的危险因素。结论北京市昌平区居民心血管病防控工作应着重针对高龄人群、男性进行健康干预,并加强高血压及血脂异常人群的规范化管理,以降低心血管病发病率。

Objective To understand detection rate and influencing factors of high risk population of cardiovascular disease in Changping district of Beijing,and to provide evidence for the development of the prevention and control measures for people. Methods In 2018,Programme of Screening and Intervention Subjects with High Risk Cardiovascular Diseases was launched in Changping district of Beijing. About 12 576 local residents aged 35-75 years old were served as the objects and analyzed. The investigation was performed by questionnaire including basic information and cardiovascular health status, physical examination and laboratory test. Chi-square test, trend chisquare test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The difference was statistically significant(P≤0.05). Results Total 2 524 cases of high risk of cardiovascular disease were screened in Changping district. And the high risk rate was 20.1%. The high risk rate of male(25.5%) was significantly higher than that of female(17.2%)(P<0.01).The detection rates of hypertension type, cardiovascular history type, dyslipidemia type and WHO evaluated risk ≥20%type were 9.9%, 3.7%, 8.6% and 2.4%, respectively. The composition situation of aggregation of various high-risk types for cardiovascular disease in subjects was as follows,the prevalence rates of having 0, 1, 2, ≥3 kinds types were 79.9%, 16.2%, 3.3% and 0.6%, respectively. There were significant differences in the aggregation distribution of the high risk types of different gender,age,education and BMI level(all P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed overweight/obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes and hypertension were the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions The prevention and control of cardiovascular disease in Changping district of Beijing should focus on health intervention for elderly people and men. And we should strengthen the standardized management of hypertension and dyslipidemia in order to reduce the incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases.