卫生村创建对四川省农村环境卫生状况的影响

Influence of health village establishment on rural environmental sanitation in Sichuan Province

目的探索四川省卫生村创建对农村环境卫生状况的影响,为政府部门制订政策和措施提供依据。方法采用问卷调查的方式,2020年在四川省抽取1 039个行政村进行调查,包括村的基本情况,卫生村创建和农村环境卫生整治相关规划项目,农村环境卫生状况及管理状况,通过χ^(2)检验和方差分析描述不同类型卫生村之间环境卫生状况与管理情况的关系。结果在调查的1 039个行政村中,省级卫生村占13.38%(139/1 039),市级卫生村占20.12%(209/1 039),非卫生村占66.51%(691/1 039)。规划项目以改善农村人居环境建设为主(41.58%),集中式供水覆盖率为86.81%(902/1 039),卫生厕所普及率为64.49%(670/1 039),生活污水处理率为34.17%(355/1 039)。省级卫生村、市级卫生村、非卫生村之间垃圾处理系统、生活污水处理、组织实施卫生厕所改建、专职保洁员、兼职保洁员、管理制度、规划、宣传教育比例,环境卫生经费投入的差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两两比较结果:省级卫生村、市级卫生村生活污水处理、专职保洁员、兼职保洁员比例高于非卫生村,市级卫生村卫生厕所改建、管理制度、规划、宣传教育比例高于非卫生村(P圴<0.05)。市级卫生村环境卫生经费投入最高,非卫生村最低。结论卫生村创建改善农村环境卫生状况效果明显,市级卫生村在生活污水处理、专职保洁员、兼职保洁员、经费投入方面优于非卫生村;市级卫生村在卫生厕所改建、管理制度、规划、宣传教育方面优于非卫生村。

Objective To explore the impact of the establishment of health villages in Sichuan Province on the rural environmental sanitation, and provide the basis for the government departments to formulate policies and measures. Methods By means of questionnaire survey, the basic situation,the establishment of health village,the improvement of rural environmental sanitation and the status of rural environmental sanitation and management of 1 039 monitoring points were collected in2020. Chi-square test and analysis of variance were used to describe the relationship between environmental sanitation and management in different types of health villages. Results Provincial health villages accounted for 13.38%(139/1 039), municipal health villages accounted for 20.12%(209/1 039),non health villages accounted for 66.51%(691/1 039). The planning projects mainly focus on the improvement of rural living environment, accounting for 41.58%. The coverage rate of centralized water supply is 86.81%(902/1 039). The popularization rate of sanitary toilets was64.49%(670/1 039). The treatment rate of domestic sewage is 34.17%(355/1 039). There were significant differences in garbage disposal system, domestic sewage treatment, organization and implementation of sanitary toilet reconstruction, full-time cleaners, part-time cleaners, management system,planning,proportion of publicity and education,and investment in environmental sanitation among provincial sanitary villages, municipal sanitary villages and non sanitary villages(all P<0.05). The results showed that the proportion of domestic sewage treatment,full-time cleaners and part-time cleaners in provincial and municipal health villages was higher than that in non health villages, the proportion of sanitary toilet reconstruction, management system, planning, publicity and education in Municipal Sanitary villages is higher than that in non sanitary villages(all P<0.05).The municipal health village has the highest investment in environmental health, while the non health village has the lowest. Conclusions The promotion effect of establishing health village on rural environmental sanitation is obvious. Provincial and municipal sanitary villages are better than non sanitary villages in sewage treatment, full-time cleaners, part-time cleaners, and funds investment. Municipal Health villages are better than non health villages in the reconstruction of sanitary toilets,management system,planning,publicity,and education.