膜吸附法结合可视化环介导等温扩增技术检测柑橘黄龙病菌

Detection of ’Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ by Membrane Adsorption Method Combined with Visual Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

【背景】柑橘黄龙病(Huanglongbing,HLB)是由候选韧皮部杆菌亚洲种(‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’,CLas)侵染引起的一种柑橘病害。对于该病害的防治主要采取综合措施,包括实施检疫、种植无病苗木、及时挖除病树和集中大面积联防联控柑橘木虱等。前3种方法都需要依靠准确的柑橘黄龙病诊断技术。【目的】利用环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP),结合膜吸附法DNA快速提取和Gelgreen荧光染料可视化,建立黄龙病田间核酸快速检测方法。【方法】以黄龙病菌β-操纵子与原噬菌体DNA聚合酶基因为模板设计LAMP特异性引物,包括外引物F3/B3、内引物FIP/BIP、环引物LoopF/LoopB和茎引物StemF/StemB。通过对环引物和茎引物设定不同的用量组合,对LAMP引物体系进行优化,确定合适的引物浓度。用优化后的LAMP引物体系对188份田间柑橘叶片进行检测,并构建受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析实时荧光LAMP(qLAMP)在CLas检测上的准确性。对qLAMP预混反应液进行两步的常温干燥,分别设定不同的存放条件,评估LAMP常温干燥试剂的稳定性。用本研究建立的CLas可视化LAMP快速检测方法,对田间71个柑橘叶片样品和35个柑橘果实样品进行检测,与实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)比较两者的符合率。【结果】在LAMP体系中加入环引物、茎引物或增加其浓度都能促进反应速率的提升,并且同时加入终浓度均为1.6μmol·L-1的环引物和茎引物能进一步提高LAMP反应速率。LAMP预混液通过两步法干燥在不同温度存放1—4周均能保持反应活性基本不变,表明制备的两步法干燥LAMP试剂检测性能较好,在低温和常温环境下的稳定性尚可,仅35℃高温存放会略微增加LAMP试剂的反应时间。使用孔径0.1μm尼龙膜代替纤维素滤纸作为核酸吸附材料能提升CLas快速诊断技术的灵敏度。结合DNA快速提取和可视化LAMP建立的CLas快速核酸诊断方法最低能检测到浓度为102 copies/μL的重组质粒样品,总体准确率高。经配对卡方检验,该方法的诊断结果与qPCR无显著差异。可视化LAMP快速检测相较常规检测有着更低的成本和耗时,而且可视化LAMP快速检测无需离心机和PCR仪等昂贵的仪器,仅需一台65℃恒温设备即可。【结论】建立的CLas快速核酸检测方法成本低,30 min即可观察到检测结果,操作简便,准确性高,可替代qPCR在田间进行黄龙病的快速鉴定。

【Background】Citrus Huanglongbing(HLB) is a citrus disease caused by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’(CLas). The main approaches to control HLB include plant quarantine, establishing disease-free nurseries, removing disease trees, and concentrating on large area joint control of citrus psyllids(Diaphorina citri). The first three methods all rely on accurate HLB diagnosis techniques.【Objective】The objective of this study is to establishment of a rapid and handy field/laboratory nucleic acid detection method of CLas using loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) combined with membrane adsorption rapid DNA extraction and Gelgreen fluorescence dye visualization.【Method】The LAMP primers were designed using the β-operon and the prophage DNA polymerase gene of CLas as templates, including outer primer F3/B3, inner primer FIP/BIP, loop primer LoopF/LoopB and stem primer StemF/StemB. The LAMP primer set was optimized by setting different dosage combinations for loop primers and stem primers to determine the appropriate primer concentration. A total of 188 field citrus leaves were detected using the optimized LAMP primer set, and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were constructed to analyze the accuracy of real-time fluorescent LAMP(qLAMP) for CLas detection. The qLAMP premixed reaction solution was dried in two steps at room temperature, storage temperature(4, 25 and 35℃) and storage time(1, 2 and 4 weeks) were also set to assess the enzyme activity stability of the dry LAMP reagent. Using dry LAMP reagent, combined with membrane adsorption rapid DNA extraction technique in this study, 71 citrus leaf samples and 35 citrus fruit samples collected in the field were detected, while the detection results of real-time fluorescent quantitative(qPCR) were used as controls to compare the coincidence rates of the two detection methods.【Result】The addition of loop primer, stem primer or increasing their concentrations in LAMP reaction could promote the increase of reaction rate, and the addition of both loop primer and stem primer at a final concentration of 1.6 μmol·L-1 could further improve the reaction rate. The reaction activity of LAMP premix could be maintained unchanged by two-step drying at different temperatures for 1-4 weeks, indicating that the two-step drying LAMP reagent prepared in this experiment had good detection performance and fair stability at low and room temperatures, and only at 35℃ storage would slightly increase the reaction time of LAMP reagent. Using 0.1 μm pore size nylon membrane instead of cellulose filter paper as nucleic acid adsorption material could improve the sensitivity of rapid diagnostic techniques. The overall accuracy of rapid DNA diagnosis for HLB established by combining rapid DNA extraction and visual LAMP was high, and the lowest detectable plasmid concentration was 102 copies/μL.The diagnostic results of this method were not significantly different from those of q PCR by paired Chi-square test. The visual LAMP rapid detection was less cost and time-consuming than routine detection, and visual LAMP rapid detection required no expensive instruments such as centrifuges and PCR instruments, requiring only a 65℃ thermostatic device.【Conclusion】The rapid DNA detection method for CLas established in this study has low cost and can observe detection results in 30 min, easy to operate and high accuracy, which can replace qPCR for rapid identification of HLB in the field.