摘要
【目的】茶皂素是一种具有广阔应用前景的天然活性物质,纯度是限制其应用和价值的关键因素。探究超声耦合双水相提取(Ultrasound-assisted two-phase aqueous extraction, UAATPE)油茶粕茶皂素的工艺条件及其提取机制,以开发纯度高且高效的提取技术,为油茶粕高值化利用提供技术指导。【方法】以油茶粕为原料,在单因素基础上,利用Plackett-Burman设计筛选影响得率的关键因素,经Box-Behnken设计优化提取工艺;通过比较传统乙醇提取法和水提法的提取物得率和纯度,评价UAATPE法茶皂素提取效果;结合扫描电子显微镜分析油茶粕微观结构,初步探讨UAATPE法提取机制。【结果】影响茶皂素得率的关键因素为乙醇质量分数、硫酸铵质量分数和超声时间,经Box-Behnken设计优化的最佳工艺参数为:乙醇质量分数27.50%(w/w),硫酸铵质量分数19.60%(w/w),液固比50:1,超声时间32 min,超声功率300 W,提取温度60℃,在此条件下茶皂素得率为(26.21±0.54)%。与传统乙醇提取法相比,UAATPE法的茶皂素得率虽差异不显著,但其纯度提高了6.57%(P<0.05)。相较于传统水提法,UAATPE法提取的茶皂素得率和纯度分别提升了17.74%和40.23%(P<0.01)。微观结构显示UAATPE法处理的油茶粕因超声波空化效应,加剧了油茶粕组织破坏,产生大量空洞和强烈表面收缩,有效促进油茶粕茶皂素释放。UAATPE提取过程,茶皂素在双水相系统中首先经过固液提取进入电导率高的底相,然后经液液萃取迁移至极性较大的顶相,从而达到初级纯化,提升茶皂素纯度的效果。【结论】采用UAATPE法可以显著提高茶皂素得率和纯度,为油茶粕的高效利用提供了新方法。
【Objective】Tea saponin is a naturally active substance with wide application prospective, and its purity is the key factor limiting its application and value. In this study, the optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted two-phase extraction(UAATPE) of tea saponin from camellia meal were explored, and the possible extraction mechanism was discussed in order to develop an efficient,high-purity extraction technology, so as to provide a technical guidance for high-value utilization of camellia meal. 【Method】On the basis of the single factor experimental results, the key factors affecting the yield of tea saponin were screened by Plackett Burman design, and the extraction process was optimized by Box-Behnken design. The extraction efficiency of tea saponin using the UAATPE method was evaluated by comparing the extraction yield and purity to the traditional ethanol extraction method and water extraction method. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was employed to analyze the microstructure of camellia meal, and the possible mechanism of extraction by the UAATPE method was discussed. 【Result】The key factors affecting the yield of tea saponin were mass fraction of ethanol, mass fraction of ammonium sulfate, and ultrasonic time. The process parameters optimized by Box-Behnken design were as follows: an ethanol content of 27.50%(W/W), an ammonium sulfate content of 19.60%(W/W), a liquid-solid ratio of 50:1, an ultrasonic time of 32 min, an ultrasonic power of 300 W and an extraction temperature of 60℃, and the yield of tea saponin at(26.21±0.54)% was achieved under the optimized conditions. Compared with the traditional method of ethanol extraction, the purity of tea saponin extracted by the UAATPE method increased by 6.57%(P<0.05), although the difference of the yield of tea saponin extracted by these two methods was not significant. Compared with the traditional method of water extraction, the yield and purity of tea saponin extracted using the UAATPE method were increased by 17.74% and 40.23%,respectively(P<0.01). The microstructure showed that owing to the effect of the camellia meal treated by the UAATPE method, the ultrasonic cavitation accelerated the tissue damage of the camellia meal, producing a large number of voids and strong surface shrinkage, which effectively promoted the release of tea saponin in the camellia meal. In the process of the UAATPE extraction, the tea saponin first entered the bottom phase with high electrical conductivity through solid-liquid extraction in the two-phase water system, and then moved to the top phase with high polarity through liquid-liquid extraction, achieving primary purification and improving the purity of tea saponin. 【Conclusion】The UAATPE method could significantly improve the yield and purity of tea saponin, thus providing a new novel method for the efficient utilization of camellia meal.
作者
杜金婷
张雁
李雁
王佳佳
廖娜
钟立煌
骆碧群
林江
DU JinTing;ZHANG Yan;LI Yan;WANG JiaJia;LIAO Na;ZHONG LiHuang;LUO BiQun;LIN Jiang(Sericultural&Agri-Food Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing,Guangzhou 510610;College of Food Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510640;Guangdong Xinghui Biological Technology Co.,Ltd.,Longchuan 517323,Guangdong)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期167-183,共17页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
广东省本土创新创业团队项目(2019BT02N112)
广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项资金(2020KJ117)
广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目(202108TD)。