知识组织方法和技术的演变及应用

Evolution and Application of Knowledge Organization Methods and Technologies

在数智时代,图书馆作为社会文化记忆装置的文化记忆机构之一,其重要任务除了支撑社会记忆的长期保存,为科研教育、文化传播提供文献基础设施以外,还要提供支撑泛在计算的数据基础设施。知识组织、信息素养、阅读推广、信息处理、数据治理等是图书馆的核心竞争力,其中知识组织的方法和技术,是数智时代图书馆员应该具备的核心专业能力之一。本报告介绍了数据基础设施技术需求和规范,将知识组织方法和技术的发展分成三个阶段:分类主题法、元数据法、知识本体法,分别介绍其发展过程、特点和应用场景。重点介绍了本体方法的相关技术和应用流程、本体模型和词表的设计原则及应用案例,以及如何利用知识组织方法和技术适应数据基础设施的建设需求和技术规范。

In the age of digital intelligence,as one of the cultural memory institutions of social and cultural memory devices,the important task of library is to provide social memory.The library should not only provide literature infrastructure,but also provide data infrastructure for scientific research,education and cultural communication.Knowledge organization,information literacy,reading promotion,information processing and data management are the core competitiveness of the library.The method and technology of knowledge organization is one of the core professional abilities that librarians should have in the digital intelligence era.This report introduces the understanding of the technical requirements and specifications of data infrastructure,divides the development of knowledge organization methods and technologies into three stages:classification subject method,metadata method,knowledge ontology method.The development process,characteristics and application scenarios are introduced respectively.This article focuses on the related technologies and application processes of ontology methods,the design principles and application cases of ontology model and thesaurus,and how to use knowledge organization methods and technologies to meet the construction needs and technical specifications of data infrastructure.