春季灌水和追氮对北京冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响

Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Topdressing in Spring of Wheat in Beijing Suburb

为明确灌水模式及追氮量对北京小麦生长发育和产量的影响,通过裂区试验,分别以灌水和追氮量为主副区。其中,灌水在各处理均灌溉越冬水600 m^(3)·hm^(-2)和灌浆水450 m^(3)·hm^(-2)基础上,设置4种春季灌水模式即返青水300 m^(3)·hm^(-2)+拔节水450 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W1)、返青水750 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W2)、起身水750 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W3)、拔节水750 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W4);追氮量设75、120、165、210和255kg·hm^(-2)5个水平(分别用N1、N2、N3、N4、N5表示)。通过田间调查和室内考种分析了不同水氮条件下小麦群体和个体性状及产量的差异。结果表明,不同水氮处理相比,起身期灌水追氮促进了小麦植株基部第一节间的伸长,进而导致株高增加,加大了倒伏风险;返青期+拔节期灌水追氮有利于小麦穗发育,获得较少不孕小穗数和较高穗粒数。在所有处理中,返青+拔节两次灌水追氮处理的产量较高,其中W1N2处理的产量最高(7728.0 kg·hm^(-2))。因此,在北京地区小麦种植中可采用春季返青期+拔节期两次灌水追氮的水氮管理模式。

In order to determine the effects of irrigation and topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer at different periods in spring on the growth and yield of wheat in Beijing,a split zone test was conducted,with spring irrigation as the main area,i.e.,W1 re-greening water 300 m^(3)·hm^(-2)+jointing water 450 m^(3)·hm^(-2)+filling water 450 m^(3)·hm^(-2),W2 re-greening water 750 m^(3)·hm^(-2)+filling water 450 m^(3)·hm^(-2),W3 rising water 750 m^(3)·hm^(-2)+filling water 450 m^(3)·hm^(-2),and W4 jointing water 750 m^(3)·hm^(-2)+filling water 450 m^(3)·hm^(-2).In spring,N1,N2,N3,N4,N5 pure nitrogen were 75,120,165,210 and 255 m^(3)·hm^(-2),respectively.The results showed that under the combined treatment of water and nitrogen,the elongation of the first node at the base of wheat plant was promoted by watering and applying nitrogen at the rising stage,which led to the increase of plant height,and increased the lodging risk.The treatment of re-greening+jointing watering and applying nitrogen reduced the number of sterile spikelets,which was beneficial to the development of wheat spike characters and the increase of grain number per spike.In all the treatments,The yield of two treatments of regreen and jointing was higher,and the highest yield was 7728.0 kg·hm^(-2)with W1 N2 combination.Therefore,the management mode of two times irrigation and nitrogen topdressing in spring regreening stage and jointing stage can be used in wheat planting in Beijing.