“熟人”差序格局及其在记忆中的体现

The Differential Mode of Association of"Acquaintance"and its Embodiment in Memory

本研究通过自我参照效应范式实验探讨"熟人"差序格局是否体现在记忆再认中。要求被试在由感情深浅与工具性目的有无的组合构建的"熟人"差序格局中填入关系由近至远的四个对象人物,并以此为参照进行人格形容词再认。结果表明由近及远四个圈层分别主要由深/有、深/无、浅/有、浅/无组合的对象人物构成,且亲密度逐层下降,感情比工具性目的在其中的影响更大。再认率与R判断率中较熟悉者(主要为前三圈)高于仅相识者(主要为第四圈)、而较熟悉者的前三圈间无显著差异。由于交往频率等的影响在记忆效果上仅呈现出"较熟悉者——仅相识者"的二分格局。

This study discussed whether the differential mode of association of“acquaintance”is reflected in intimacy and memory recognition through a self-reference effect paradigm experiment.In the experiment,four reference people with interpersonal distance from close to far were formed by the combination of feelings(deep,light)and communicative purpose(with,without).According to the communication frequency,the first three circles were familiar acquaintances,and the fourth circle was nodding acquaintances(people who only know each other).There were a pre-experiment and a formal experiment in this study.The pre-experiment was conducted to test the reliability and validity of the matching of four reference people from two dimensions of feelings and communicative purpose to four interpersonal circles.The pre-experiment consisted of two identical tests which were two weeks apart.Participants were required to complete the"acquaintances’Differential Mode of Association Questionnaire","Interpersonal Circle Questionnaire",and"Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale"successively.Then,they were required to rate the emotional depth of the reference person on a seven-point scale,as well as the communicative instrumental purpose.The results of the preexperiment showed that the reliability and validity of the questionnaires were good,and there was a downward trend of affinity layer by layer in degree of intimacy in the differential mode of association of"acquaintances".Feelings(deep,light)and communicative purpose(with,without)had significant influence on intimacy.Based on the self-referential effect paradigm and the R/K paradigm,the Formal experiment used a single factor(interpersonal distance:1,2,3,4,semantic)within-subject design to explore the differences in the intimacy and memory effect of the reference person from close to far.Similar to the pre-experiment,the results of formal experiment also showed a downward trend of affinity layer by layer in degree of intimacy in the differential mode of association.Feelings(deep,light)and communicative purpose(with,without)had significant influence on intimacy.The composition of the four circles in the differential mode of association of"acquaintances"formed by the combination of two factors from close to far was mainly deep/with,deep/without,light/with,light/without.Moreover,the recognition rate and R judgment rate presented a binary pattern of"familiar-nodding"acquaintance.The recognition rate of the first three layers was significantly higher than that of the fourth layer.However,there was no significant difference among the first three layers,which was consistent with the communication frequency.The results can be explained from the perspectives of self-expansion model,explanation level theory,and communication frequency.First of all,the social distance represented by the interpersonal relationship leads to the psychological distance in the inner circle and the outer circle,which in turn leads to the low-level representation and highlevel representation respectively,thus affecting the result of memory recognition.Secondly,there is no significant difference in the communication frequency among reference people in the first three circles,resulting in no significant difference in the memory effect of reference people in the first three circles.The results of this study suggest that memory recognition effect is not only affected by social distance in psychological distance,but also by communication frequency.There is a possibility that social distance and communication frequency can influence the interpretation level together and then affect the memory effect.The results of this study are consistent with Ma et al.(2015)that dichotomy of differential mode of association is also reflected in memory recognition.Although the differential mode of association of"acquaintances"is different in intimacy,it also presents a dichotomous pattern in memory recognition.This shows that the dichotomy circles,as the most basic method of distinguishing the differential mode of association,is also easy to be presented in the memory of psychology.