航空喷嘴9Cr18Mo小孔钻削刀具结构与工艺参数优化

Optimization of Drilling Tool Structure and Process Parameters for 9Cr18Mo Stainless Steel Small Hole of Aviation Nozzle

针对9Cr18Mo马氏体不锈钢航空喷嘴小孔的钻削加工,基于DEFORM-3D有限元软件,开展硬质合金钻头几何结构和加工工艺参数优化仿真与试验研究。基于钻削刀具的螺旋槽和后刀面数学模型,采用UG三维建模软件建立钻头三维模型,利用DEFORM-3D软件建立钻削有限元仿真分析模型,综合分析不同刀具几何结构和工艺参数对排屑、钻削力和钻削温度等钻削加工性能的影响规律,获得最佳的刀具几何结构和加工工艺参数,并通过试验对钻削工艺参数仿真结果进行验证。结果表明,刀具结构参数对轴向力影响的显著程度为芯径比>螺旋角>锋角,对扭矩影响的显著程度为芯径比>锋角>螺旋角;随着主轴转速的增加,切屑形态无明显变化,轴向力逐渐降低,而扭矩增大,钻削温度明显升高;随着进给量的降低,切屑变形程度增加,钻削温度、轴向力和扭矩均明显降低,且试验工艺参数最优结果与仿真结果具有较好的一致性。

Aiming at the straight-hole drilling of aeronautical nozzle made of 9Cr18Mo martensitic stainless steel,based on the DEFORM-3D finite element software,the optimization simulation and experimental research on the geometric structure and processing parameters of the cemented carbide drill are carried out.Based on the mathematical model of the spiral groove and flank face of the drilling tool,the UG three-dimensional modeling software is used to establish the three-dimensional model of the drill,and the DEFORM-3D software is used to establish the finite element simulation analysis model of drilling.Through comprehensively analyzing the influence of different tool geometries and process parameters on drilling performance such as chip removal,drilling force and drilling temperature,the best process parameters are obtained,and the drilling simulation results are verified through drilling experiments.The results show that the significant degree of influence of the tool structure parameters on the axial force is core diameter ratio>helix angle>front angle,and the significant degree of the influence of the tool structure parameters on the torque is core diameter ratio>front angle>helix angle;With the increase of the spindle speed,the chip shape does not change significantly,the axial force gradually decreases,while the torque increases,and the drilling temperature rises significantly;as the feed rate decreases,the degree of chip deformation increases,and the drilling temperature and axial force and torque are significantly reduced,and the optimal results of the experimental process parameters are in good agreement with the simulation results.