西部煤矿区深色有隔内生真菌修复机理与生态应用模式

Restoration mechanism and ecological application model of dark septateendophytic fungi in western mining area

煤炭开采过程损伤生态,扰动土壤与植被生长环境,加之西部矿区气候干旱,环境胁迫影响矿区生态自修复进程。微生物修复技术在矿区生态环境的应用是从修复生态系统的功能与结构角度出发的一种可持续方法。深色有隔内生真菌(Dark Septate Endophytes,DSE)不同于丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi,AMF),是一类更广泛定殖于植物根系的内生真菌,在微生物-土壤-宿主植物生态系统中发挥着重要生态学功能。与丛枝菌根真菌相比,DSE可以纯培养,利用DSE等有益微生物对矿区进行生态恢复更具有推广意义。针对DSE分类特征、不同宿主植物和不同生境中DSE的定殖规律进行总结。揭示DSE在促进宿主植物矿质营养吸收,增强非生物胁迫和生物胁迫抗性机理,特别是在非生物胁迫中,DSE可以帮助宿主植物抵御水分胁迫、盐胁迫、重金属胁迫和寒冷胁迫。提出DSE代谢物在宿主植物生态作用。基于此,为使DSE保持生物活性、延长存活时间、更大程度发挥其生态价值,提出菌液浸种搭载无人机飞播、DSE固体菌剂研发、DSE叶面肥涂抹技术等新的生态修复模式,促进植物快速吸收养分、提高抗逆性,最大程度地发挥DSE的生态功能,激发土壤潜在肥力,改善土壤结构,加速矿区植被恢复,为西部煤矿区生态修复奠定技术基础。

The process of coal mining damages the ecological environment and disturbs the growth environment of soil and vegetation.In addition,the climate of the western mining area is arid and semi-arid,which affects the self-repair process of the ecological environment in the mining area.The application of microbial remediation technology in the field of ecological environment in mining area is a sustainable method based on the function and structure of ecological system.Dark septate endophytes(DSE)are different from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),which are more widely colonized in plant roots and play important ecological functions in the microbial soil host plant ecosystems.Compared with AMF,the DSE can be cultivated in pure culture.It is more significant to use beneficial microorganisms such as DSE to carry out ecological restoration in mining areas.The taxonomic characteristics of DSE and the DSE colonization in different host plants and habitats were summarized.It was revealed that the DSE promoted mineral nutrient absorption and enhanced abiotic and biological stress resistance of host plants.Especially in abiotic stress,the DSE can help host plants resist water stress,salt stress,heavy metal stress and cold stress.The role of DSE metabolites in host plants was proposed.Based on this,in order to maintain the biological activity of DSE,prolong the survival time and exert its ecological value to a greater extent,new ecological restoration modes,such as the DSE seed soaking with unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),the DSE solid fungal agent research and development,and the DSE foliar fertilizer application technology,were proposed.It can promote the rapid absorption of nutrients by plants,improve the rate of stress resistance,maximize the ecological function of DSE,stimulate soil potential fertility,improve soil structure,accelerate the recovery of vegetation in mining areas,and lay a technical foundation for ecological restoration in western coal mining areas.