马克思对施蒂纳自由主义批判的批判及其当代价值

Marx’s Criticism of Stirner’s Liberalism and Its Contemporary Value

自由主义作为一个古老的观念历来受到学界的关注和思考,青年黑格尔派的重要代表人物施蒂纳把自由主义归结为三种不同形式,即政治自由主义、社会自由主义和人道自由主义。在他看来,绝对自由的实现就是要摆脱国家、社会和“人”的概念的束缚。在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思对施蒂纳的自由观点进行了尖锐的批判,指出施蒂纳对自由主义的理解受到自身小资产阶级的局限和德国落后的政治环境的制约,这对于理解和深化马克思自由学说的复杂内涵,涵养中国社会的“共同自由”具有重要的现实意义。

As an ancient concept,liberalism has always been concerned and thought by the academic circles.Stirner,an important representative of the young Hegelian school,attributed liberalism to three different forms,namely political liberalism,social liberalism and humanitarian liberalism.In his view,the realization of absolute freedom is to get rid of the shackles of the state,society and the concept of“man”.In“German Ideology”,Marx sharply criticizes Stirner’s view of freedom and points out that Stirner’s understanding of liberalism is restricted by his own petty bourgeoisie and Germany’s backward political environment,which is of great practical significance for understanding and deepening the complex connotation of Marx’s theory of freedom and cultivating the“common freedom”of Chinese Society.