刑事政策视域下正当防卫制度的问题及完善

Problems and Promotion of Justifiable Defense System From the Perspective of Criminal Policy

司法实践对案件中出现的正当防卫情节认定率不高,这既有法律规定过于原则的因素,又有宽严相济刑事政策影响的因素。“武装对等”与“唯结果论”是正当防卫司法认定的思想误区,证明责任错位及司法机关不积极行使程序终结权等问题,也是认定正当防卫路上的“绊脚石”。司法机关要树立正确的司法理念,确定合理的正当防卫价值衡量与判断标准。

The recognition rate of justifiable defense in judicial practice is not high,which is not only due to the excessive principle of legal provisions,but also due to the influence of the criminal policy of tempering justice with mercy.“Armed equivalence”and“result only theory”are the ideological misunderstandings of the judicial identification of justifiable defense,the dislocation of the burden of proof and the judicial organ’s failure to actively exercise the right to terminate the procedure,which are also the“stumbling blocks”on the way to the identification of justifiable defense.The judiciary should establish a correct judicial concept and determine a reasonable measure and judgment standard of the value of justifiable defense.