论“精神自由”与创新人才培养

On“Spiritual Freedom”and the Cultivation of Innovative Talents

著名的“钱学森之问”,即“为什么我们的学校总是培养不出杰出人才”,引起人们对现有学校育人任务的不断反思。经过对教育制度改革、高校培养模式的改革、基础教育的反省、思维培养、教育评价等方面深思,有学者将“创新”归结为杰出人才的一个重要特征。自由是人的教育及其拯救的所有可能性的首要条件,身体自由是人生存的前提,“精神自由”则更加指向人存在的本质,对人本身的生存和发展具有重要意义,是培养自主全面发展的创新人才的动力。保持“精神自由”是各级学校创新人才培养的要务,是“大众创业、万众创新”真正得以实现的思想保障。

The famous“Qian Xuesen’s question”,that is,“why can’t our school always cultivate outstanding talents”,has aroused people’s continuous reflection on the educational task of existing schools.After pondering over the reform of the educational system,the reform of the training mode of colleges and universities,the reflection of basic education,thinking training and educational evaluation,some scholars attribute“innovation”to an important feature of outstanding talents.Freedom is the primary condition for people’s education and all possibilities of salvation,physical freedom is the premise of people’s survival,and“spiritual freedom”points to the essence of people’s existence,is of great significance to people’s own survival and development,and is the driving force for cultivating innovative talents with independent and all-round development.Maintaining“spiritual freedom”is an important task for schools at all levels to cultivate innovative talents and an ideological guarantee for the real realization of“mass entrepreneurship and innovation”.