职业性别隔离、职业声望与收入性别差距

Sex Segregation,Occupational Prestige and Gender Wage Gap

本文利用北京大学社会科学调查中心中国家庭追踪调查2014年数据分析了职业性别隔离与职业声望对于两性工资性收入差距的影响。研究发现,职业女性比例与职业工作稳定性之间是一种非线性关系,整合型职业即女性比例在40%~60%者,其工作稳定性最高,在劳动合同签订、工作保障、工作权威、全日制工作和体制性工作上占有优势;职业女性比例与职业声望之间是一种非线性关系,整合型职业有着最高的职业声望,但是其工资性优势并不突出,通常由女性从事的工作,如照顾工作,并没有被刻意贬低。职业声望对于工资性收入有积极影响,但其收入回报并无性别差异,研究并不全然支持贬值理论,即女性工作贬值并非是经济报酬差异的最重要原因,性别、职业性别隔离、声望与工资的互动,才是性别不平等背后的驱动机制。

Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS 2014),this research analyzes the impact of occupational sex segregation and occupational prestige on the gender wage gap in contemporary urban China.It is found that the relation between occupational sex composition and employment stability is non-linear,with mixed occupations(41-60 percent female)having the higher employment stability and more advantages on labor contract,work authority,full-time employment and institutionalized job.The relationship between occupational sex composition and occupational prestige is also non-linear,with mixed occupations have the higher score of prestige,but no advantages on wage.Female occupations and tasks such as care work are not particularly devalued.Occupational prestige has positive impacts on wage gap,without showing significant gender difference,and the devaluation theory is not supported.The devaluation of female occupation is not the main reason of gender gap in economic rewards.The interaction of gender,sex segregation,prestige and wage are the driving mechanism behind women’s low wage in labor market and the gender inequality in society.