女性科技人才的成长经验:一个文献综述

The Growth Experience of Female Technologists:A Literature Review

女性科技人才是我国科技人力资源的重要组成部分。目前,学界有关女性科技人才的研究成果颇丰,对近年来国内外期刊中关于女性科技人才的文献进行回顾,梳理女性科技人才的成长规律及其影响因素,了解她们所面临的现实问题及其成因,不仅有益于充分开发科技人力资源,助力我国实现科技自立自强,而且是在科技领域落实性别平等的重要举措。研究发现,女性科技人才成长具有过程性、实践性与策略性的特点,她们深受包括时代背景、区域环境、政策背景与社会思潮在内的环境因素和包括教育、家庭与个人性格在内的个体因素的影响。女性科技工作者面临着“科研产出之谜”“相对不在场”“玛蒂尔达效应”等现实问题,其原因在于“科学”与“性别”的共谋。未来的研究应把握研究对象选取的示范性与寻常性、研究方法运用的全面性与深刻性、研究视角选择的专门性与多元性。

Female scientific and technological talents are an important part of our country's scientific and technological human resources.At present,the research results of female scientific and technological talents in academia are quite abundant.Reviewing the literature on female scientific and technological talents in domestic and foreign journals in recent years,sorting out the growth law of female scientific and technological talents and their influencing factors,the practical problems they face and their causes,are not only conducive to the full development of scientific and technological human resources,but helpful for our country to achieve self-reliance technologically.It is also important to implement gender equality in the field of science and technology.Studies have found that women’s growth has the characteristics of being procedural,practical and strategic.They are deeply affected by environmental factors including the time,regional environment,policy background,social thoughts,and individual factors including education,family and personal personality.Female scientific and technological workers are faced with practical problems such as the“mystery of research output”,“relative absence”,and“Matilda effect”.The reason lies in the coalition of“science”and“gender”.The future research should grasp the exemplary and ordinary objects in research selection,the comprehensiveness and profoundness in application of research methods,and the specificity and diversity of research perspectives.