大学生精神病超高危群体的冲动与抑制特征及相关因素研究

Characteristics of impulsivity and inhibition and related factors in college students at ultra-high risk for psychosis

目的探索精神病超高危群体的冲动与抑制特征及其社会心理影响因素。方法在某大学9039名新生中筛查出17名精神病超高危个体,并招募了23名健康大学生设置对照,使用Go-Nogo反应抑制与风险决策的反向学习范式进行行为学测量,并使用问卷评估社会心理因素。结果提示高危组与正常对照组在行为学任务中的表现差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但焦虑抑郁水平、神经质人格、冲动性、人际关系事件的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),相关分析提示这些心理特征与反应抑制功能及冲动行为决策存在相关。结论精神病超高危大学生的冲动和抑制功能行为表现差,但受损尚不显著。神经质人格、冲动性、焦虑抑郁水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),后两者与其冲动和抑制功能相关,提示这些社会心理因素与精神病前驱期认知功能损害存在潜在关联,是早期干预的重要靶点。

Objective To explore the characteristics of impulsivity and inhibition and related social psychological factors of college students with ultra-high risk for psychosis.Methods Seventeen individuals were identified as ultra-high risk for psychosis(UHR-p)from a screening among 9039 freshmen in a university(UHR group),and 23 healthy college students were recruited as control group.The behavioral measurement was conducted using the risk decision-making reverse learning paradigm and the Go/Nogo response inhibition paradigm;and the social psychological factors were evaluated by questionnaire.Results There were significant differences in levels of anxiety and depression,neuroticism personality,impulsivity and interpersonal relationship events,while no significant difference in behavior tasks between UHR group and control group.Correlation analysis suggested that these psychological characteristics were related to the presence of response inhibition function and impulse behavior of decision-making.Conclusion The impulsive and inhibitory function of college students with UHR-p is lower,but the damage is not significant.There are significant differences in neurotic personality,impulsivity,anxiety-depression levels between UHR group and control group,the last two factors are correlated with their impulsive and inhibitory function.The study suggests that these psychosocial factors are potentially related to the impairment of cognitive function in the prodromal stage of psychosis,which is an important target of early intervention.