政府如何从危机中学习:基本模式及形成机理

How Do Governments Learn from Crises:Basic Patterns and Formation Mechanism

政府危机学习行动优化及能力提升是推动应急管理体系和能力现代化的重要任务。文章从发生时间和结果深度两个维度出发,提出了政府危机学习四种基本模式,结合新冠疫情期间的四个案例逐一分析;随后从事件特征、制度环境和学习主体特征出发揭示了四种基本模式的形成机理。研究发现,应急管理职责的确定性与危机学习行为选择的灵活性带来了政府危机学习模式的差异性;学习主体的行政责任是共同驱动诱因,疫情不同特征影响学习发生时间,制度环境的不同倾向与主体的认知特点的综合作用共同影响危机学习结果的深度。实践部门需要从制度优化和环境改善、主体认知提升等方面着手提升政府危机学习能力。

Crisis learning action optimization and capability enhancement are significant tasks to promote the modernization of emergency management system and capacity.From two dimensions of crisis learning,the occurrence time of action and the depth of results,four basic patterns of government crisis learning are proposed though analyzing four cases in COVID-19 respectively.The formation mechanism of these four patterns are revealed from a three-dimension perspective:the event characteristics,institutional environment and learning subject characteristics.The study finds out that government crisis learning presents different models;the administrative responsibility of learning subjects is a common influencing factor for four patterns;the different characteristics of the epidemic affect the occurrence time of learning;the different tendencies of the institutional environment and the cognitive characteristics of learning subjects impact synthetically on the level of crisis learning outcomes.Thus,to further improve government crisis learning capability,practitioners need work from the aspects of institutional optimization,environment improvement and cognition promotion.