从惯例复制到企业创新:连锁企业的拓展模式研究

From Routine Replication to Enterprise Innovation:Research on the Expansion Mode of Chain Enterprises

连锁经营可以打破资源限制瓶颈,实现不同区域的快速扩张,是知识转移的有效方式,有着极强的竞争能力。但在其拓展过程中,不可避免地会与其竞争对手在多个市场遭遇,在这一过程中连锁企业依靠的是全方位的复制还是持续创新,仍然是理论上研究的空白。本文基于知识管理理论,根据39个一线、新一线及二线城市中共312家经济型连锁酒店数据,着重探讨连锁企业在多市场接触问题背景下的不同拓展时期惯例复制与企业创新的作用机理,实证分析后发现连锁企业的拓展模式是一个相对动态的过程:惯例复制和企业创新均能提高企业绩效,在拓展初期惯例复制的影响更强,而在拓展稳定期企业创新的影响更强;考虑多市场接触后,在拓展初期惯例复制对企业绩效的积极影响受到抑制,而在拓展稳定期这种积极影响会被增强;进一步分析后发现在多市场接触的影响下,不同时期的企业创新对企业绩效的积极影响都会被强化。文章深化了知识管理对企业发展的影响研究,为连锁企业的战略发展提供了理论参考。

Based on the knowledge management theory and the innovation management theory,according to the data of 312 budget chain hotels in 9 first tier, new first tier and second tier cities, this paper analyzes the impact of routine replication and enterprise innovation on the expansion of chain enterprises from the time dimension, and further discusses how enterprises should make reasonable development strategy choices in the multimarket situation.The conclusions are as follows: Firstly, in the process of chain enterprise expansion, routine replication and enterprise innovation have different degrees of impact on chain enterprise performance.In the initial stage of development, chain enterprises may not have formed a perfect management system and lack certain cognitive ability. Therefore, although routine replication and enterprise innovation will have a positive impact on enterprise performance, the impact of routine replication is more significant.In order to prevent themselves from entering the rigid period, chain enterprises in the stable period of expansion may innovate by establishing external cooperation, searching for external heterogeneous knowledge, and so on. Therefore, although routine replication and enterprise innovation will help to improve enterprise performance, the impact of enterprise innovation is more significant.Secondly, multimarket contact is an objective existence that chain enterprises must face in the process of expansion. At the same time, it also affects the effect of practice replication and enterprise innovation. In the initial stage of enterprise expansion, multimarket contact suppresses the positive impact of routine replication on enterprise performance, while in the stable stage of enterprise expansion, multimarket contact strengthens the impact of routine replication on enterprise performance,which indicates that blind market expansion may not be an effective way to improve enterprise performance when enterprises do not have enough adaptive ability. In the initial stage and stable period of enterprise expansion, multimarket contact has strengthened the relationship between enterprise innovation and enterprise performance.The implications are that: Firstly, enterprises should dynamically adjust their development strategies and seek a balance between routine replication and enterprise innovation. Secondly, in the process of expansion, enterprises should be able to adapt to the changes of the external environment, so as to maintain the efficiency of knowledge transfer of routine replication and avoid the dilemma of replication. Therefore, there are more opportunities and channels to obtain more resources to optimize and update their own practices and improve the efficiency of knowledge transfer. Thirdly, when enterprises expand to different markets, they should promote the efficient coupling of professional knowledge from different fields and existing knowledge, so as to promote their product and service innovation and build their competitive advantages.The contributions are that: This paper decouples the development mode of chain enterprises from the two aspects of routine replication and enterprise innovation, and analyzes the dynamic influence mechanism of the two development modes on enterprise performance in different periods, so that enterprises will not hesitate and swing when making future development decisions.