组织调适与力量整合:战时红十字会与上海难民疫病防治

Organizational Adjustment and Force Integration:the Red Cross Society and Wartime Epidemic Prevention and the Control of Shanghai Refugees

“八·一三”淞沪会战爆发后,中国红十字总会调适组织运行模式,授权成立上海国际红十字会。鉴于沪地难民疫病流行的严峻情势,该会创新疫病防治机制,整合沪地力量,构建了内外协作的科层制防疫体系,进行疫情研判分析,多次商洽、多方动员推行预防措施,周密规划、严格实施紧急救治行动。该会停止直接救济后,难民疫病防治由留沪总会承担。尽管此次行动防疫体系构建略显滞后,且存在各方力量对防治措施的科学认知冲突,但却在战后沪地疫情最严峻时期为难民生命安全提供了保障。可见,红十字会对人道主义信念之坚定,以及非常时期应对突发性公共卫生事件,须适时创新公共卫生体系,整合社会各界力量,借助中外智慧,方可共克时艰,造福民众。

After the August 13th Battle broke out in Shanghai,the Red Cross Society of China adjusted its organizational operational mode and authorized the establishment of the Shanghai International Red Cross Society.In view of the severe epidemic situation among refugees in Shanghai,the S.I.R.C.developed innovative epidemic prevention mechanisms,integrated local strengths,built a hierarchical epidemic prevention system with internal and external cooperation,analyzed the epidemic situation,consulted with each other repeatedly in order to mobilize many parties to implement preventive measures,and carried out careful planning and strict implementation of emergency treatment actions.After the S.I.R.C stopped providing direct relief,the part of the Red Cross Society of China that stayed in Shanghai undertook epidemic prevention and control.Although the establishment of the epidemic prevention system was slightly sluggish,and there were some conflicts in scientific understanding on prevention and control measures between various forces,it provided a life-saving guarantee for refugees during the most severe period of the epidemic in Shanghai after the war.It can be seen that the Red Cross Society's humanitarian convictions and emergency response to public health emergencies,timely innovations of the public health system and integration of the forces of all sectors of society,and the help of Chinese and foreign experience enabled the difficulties to be overcome for the benefit of the people.