权力、习俗与司法:1947年绍上湾区的渔业冲突

Power, Custom and Justice :Fishing Conflicts in the Shaoxing- Shangyu Bay Area in 1947

由于杭州湾南岸曹娥江河口沙洲的不稳定性,位于曹娥江河口东岸的绍兴沥海、上虞雀嘴两地因沙洲渔业资源时起冲突,1947年发生渔民斗殴杀人事件,更是反映了近代近海湾区的渔业治理难题。事件中包括乡长谈判被勒、媒体推动舆潮、渔会呈文请愿、旅外同乡会施压等,士绅、县参议会、县政府、区专署、省政府在其中扮演了不同的角色,体现了政府权力、风俗习惯与司法决策在解决双方冲突中的不同作用。由渔民越界纠纷而引发的近海湾区冲突展现了河口渔民生存实态,以及地方政治精英协调渔业捕捞秩序、涉事.各方逐步确立并完善非正式制度的实现路径。重要的是,对绍上湾区冲突历史的考察不仅呈现了公共资源的治理问题的复杂性,更提示我们注意中国社会渔业资源治理难题背后的历史原因。

Due to the instability of the sandbar in the Cao’e River estuary on the southern coast of Hangzhou Bay, conflicts between Shaoxing and Shangyu on the eastern coast of the river over the fishery resources brought by the sandbar have occurred from time to time. The incident included the township headman being blackmailed in negotiation, the media pushing the tide of public opinion, the petition of the fishermen’s association, and the pressure of the association of fellow townsmen outside, in which the gentry, the county senate, the county government, the district special commission and the provincial government played different roles, reflecting the different roles of government power, customs and judicial decisions in the resolution of the conflict between both sides. The conflict in the near-bay area triggered by the fishermen’s border-crossing dispute shows the historical facts of the fishermen’s survival in the estuary, and how the local political elite coordinated the order of fishing and how the parties involved gradually established and improved the path to the realization of the informal system. Importantly, this historical examination of the Shaoxing-Shangyu Bay Area conflict does not merely clarify the governance of public resources, but also explores the historical reasons behind the difficult issue of ’fisheries resource governance’ in modern Chinese society.