新中国初期北京市铺底权纠纷的处理

Dealing Disputes Concerning Pudi Right in the Early Years of People's Republic of China in Beijing

铺底权作为传统商事习惯在北京地区长期相沿,催生了“一铺二主”的权利.结构,在通货膨胀的作用下纠纷不断。新民主主义时期,实行“保护房屋”和“发展工商业”政策,铺底权被认定为“畸形习惯”和“剥削手段”,相应纠纷亦亟待解决。经过长期酝酿和反复调整,北京市人民政府于1951年正式推出铺底权纠纷的处理方案,承认“铺底利益”而否定“铺底权制度”,将复杂的制度革新问题转换为利益分配问题,在事实上消灭了铺底权制度,又保留了其作为传统商事习惯的有益成分,调和了新民主主义经济政策与传统商事习惯,有效地疏解了社会自发秩序与国家制度建构之间的张力。

Pudi Right was the traditional commercial custom in Beijing for a long time,forming a structure of“Dual Ownership of One Shop”which had continuously resulted in many disputes.After the liberation,Pudi right was defined as“abnormal custom”and“means of exploitation”,and the corresponding disputes also need to be solved.In 1951,after a long time of considerations and repeated adjustments,Beijing Municipal Government officially launched a settlement plan targeting on dealing with disputes concerning Pudi Right.By recognizing the“interest”and negating the“institution”,the problem of“institutional creation”was transformed into“interest distribution”.This not only eliminated the Pudi Right,but also retained its beneficial components,thus effectively relieving the tension between the spontaneous social order and the state institutional construction,and reconciling the traditional commercial custom and the new-democratic economic policy.