20世纪50年代的职工储蓄动员与现代国家建设

The Mobilization of Workers' Savings and Modern State-Building in 1950s

伴随着现代国家建设,政府对民众日常生活的介入与塑造愈益加深。1949年以后,为了早日向工业国转变,国家选择了高投入、高积累的工业化发展战略,并通过计划经济体制调整国民收入中积累和消费部分的比重,个体消费者的经济活动也因此被纳入国家计划的范畴。储蓄作为一种延期消费,具有调节货币流通、推迟社会购买力、增加生产建设资金的作用。为此,国家加大了对城市居民特别是职工储蓄的推广力度。对银行储蓄的大力提倡和动员,成为国家调整积累与消费关系的重要手段,同时它也在无形中改造了民众传统的经济生活方式和消费习惯。根植于传统“熟人社会”的民间借贷具有强大的生命力,成为现代国家推广银行储蓄的一大阻力。在这种情况下,互助储金会等新型的互助.互济组织应运而生,承担着将职工从民间信贷导向银行储蓄的历史功能。

The intervention and shaping of government in people's daily life are more and more in-depth with the modern state-building.After 1949,in order to realize the transformation to an industrial country as soon as possible,the new state chose an industrialization strategy of high input and high accumulation and adjusted the proportion of the national income used for accumulation and consumption through the planned economic system.The economic activities of individual consumers were brought into line with the state plan.Savings,a kind of delayed consumption,play an important role in adjusting currency circulation,delaying social purchasing power and increasing the capital of production and construction.So,the new state improved the promotion of urban residents'savings,especially the workers'savings.The vigorous promotion and mobilization of bank savings has become an important means for the state to adjust the relationship between accumulation and consumption.At the same time,it has also transformed people's traditional economic lifestyle and consumption habits.The private lending rooted in the traditional“acquaintance society”with great vitality,became a major resistance to the promotion of bank savings in modern countries.In this instance,new mutual aid organizations such as credit unions emerged as the times require,undertaking the historical function of guiding the workers from the private lending to the bank savings.