方言距离如何影响农民工的永久迁移意愿——基于社会融入的视角

How Does Dialect Distance Affect Permanent Migration Intension of Migrant Workers: From the Perspective of Social Integration

农民工永久迁移决策更多地受到社会文化因素的影响,方言作为地域文化载体发挥着重要作用,本文研究方言距离对农民工永久迁移意愿的影响。本文以落户意愿作为农民工制度性永久迁移意愿的指标,以定居意愿作为农民工事实性永久迁移意愿的指标,研究发现,方言距离无论对农民工制度性永久迁移意愿还是对农民工事实性永久迁移意愿都产生了显著的负向影响;在进行一系列稳健性检验后,这一结论依然成立。进一步的机制检验发现,方言距离通过阻碍农民工在流入地区的经济整合、社会参与、文化适应、身份认同4个层面的社会融入,降低其永久迁移意愿。异质性检验表明,随着学历增加,方言距离对农民工永久迁移意愿的负向作用逐渐减弱;方言距离对农民工永久迁移意愿的影响不存在显著的代际差异;方言距离主要影响跨省流动农民工的永久迁移意愿。本文的政策启示是,推动就近就地城镇化可以避免方言距离在农民工永久迁移过程中带来的社会融入问题。

The decision-making of migrant workers’ permanent migration is more affected by social and cultural factors. Dialect plays an important role as the carrier of regional culture. This article examines the impact of dialect distance on migrant workers’ permanent migration intention. The research finds that dialect distance has a significant negative impact on both institutional permanent migration intention and the de facto permanent migration intention of migrant workers, After a series of robustness tests,this conclusion is still valid. Further mechanism tests show that dialect distance reduces the willingness of permanent migration by hindering the social integration of migrant workers in the four levels of economic integration, social participation, cultural adaptation and identity. The heterogeneity test shows that the negative effect of dialect distance on migrant workers’ permanent migration intention gradually weakens with the increase of educational achievement. There is no significant intergenerational difference in the influence of dialect distance on migrant workers’ permanent migration intention. Dialect distance mainly affects the permanent migration intention of inter-provincial migrant workers. The policy implication is that promoting local urbanization can solvethe problem ofsocialintegration caused by dialectdistance in the process ofpermanentmigration ofmigrant workers.