风险厌恶与农户气候适应性技术采用行为——基于新疆植棉农户的实证分析

F armers' Risk Aversion and Adoption Behavior of Climate Adaptation Technology: Evidence from Cotton Farmers in Xinjiang, China

气候适应性技术采用率低下已成为制约中国农业可持续发展的重要因素,风险厌恶可能影响农户的气候适应性技术采用决策。本文利用新疆349户植棉农户微观调查数据,基于实验经济学方法测度农户的风险厌恶程度,系统考察了风险厌恶对农户气候适应性技术采用行为的影响及作用机制。研究发现,风险厌恶对农户气候适应性技术采用行为产生了显著抑制作用,越厌恶风险的农户采用气候适应性技术的可能性越小、采用程度越低、采用时长越短。进一步探讨作用机制后发现,风险厌恶通过抑制农户参与信贷影响其技术采用行为,具体表现为越厌恶风险的农户参与信贷的可能性越小,进而采用气候适应性技术的可能性越小、采用程度越低、采用时长越短。此外,受灾程度、技术培训对风险厌恶影响农户气候适应性技术采用行为有调节作用,即受灾程度加重、技术培训参与能缓解风险厌恶对农户气候适应性技术采用行为的抑制作用。

The low adoption rate of climate adaptation technology has become the main constraint to sustainable agricultural development in China. Risk aversion is an important factor affecting farmers’ technology adoption behavior. Using the experimental economics method,this article measures the degree of risk aversion of 349 cotton farmers in Xinjiang. Based on the micro-survey data of cotton farmers, the study systematically investigates how farmers’ risk aversion affects farmers’ adoption of climate adaptation technology. It finds that risk aversion has a significant inhibitory effect on farmers’ adoption of climate adaptation technology. The more risk averse farmers are, the less likely they are to adopt climate adaptation technology, the lower the adoption degree and the shorter the duration of adoption. It further finds that risk aversion affects farmers’ technology adoption behavior by inhibiting farmers’ participation in credit. Specifically, the more risk averse farmers are, the less likely they are to participate in credit and to adopt climate adaptation technology, the lower the adoption degree and the shorter the duration of adoption. In addition, the disaster severity and technical training can moderate the impact of risk aversion on farmers’ adoption of climate adaptation technology. Namely, more disaster severity and participation in technical training can alleviate the inhibitory effect of risk aversion on farmers’ adoption of climateadaptation technology.