我国高水平乒乓球男运动员直拍打法与横拍打法对比研究——以2020年全国乒乓球锦标赛为例

Comparative Study on Pen-hold Grip and Hand-shake Grip in High-level Male Table Tennis Athletes in China——Taking National Table Tennis Championships in 2020 as Example

目的:为改进直拍打法,进而辅助解决我国优秀直拍运动员短缺,后备人才不足的问题。方法:运用四段指标评估法、数理分析法等以参加全国锦标赛的男运动员及其比赛场次为观察对象,研究我国高水平男运动员直拍打法与横拍打法的异同。结果:1)直拍打法共34人(22.8%),横拍打法共115人(77.2%);2)在直横比赛较量中,直拍胜率为41.5%,横拍胜率为58.5%;3)直拍与横拍使用率得分率对比在四段中均无显著差异(p>0.05);4)直拍和横拍在发抢段和接抢段的使用率均显著高于相持Ⅰ段和相持Ⅱ段(p<0.001)。结论:1)直拍打法较横拍打法数量少,成绩也较差;2)在发抢段和接抢段,直拍打法较横拍打法不再有优势。3)发抢段和接抢段是当代乒乓球竞赛较量的核心环节。直拍应以突出自身特点作为提高前4板竞争力的关键。

Purpose:to improve pen-hold grip and further assist to address the insufficiency of high-level athletes with pen-hold grip in both adults and youngsters.Methods:With male athletes attending National Table Tennis Championships and their games regarded as observation objects,four phases evaluation theory and mathematical analysis are employed to study the difference between elitist male players with pen-hold grip and that with hand-shake grip in China.Results:1)The number of pen-hold athletes is 34(accounting for 22.8%)while that of hand-shake athletes is 115(taking up 77.2%);2)among competitions between pen-hold and hand-shake players,winning percentage of pen-hold players is 41.5%whereas that of hand-shake players is 58.5%;3)comparing pen-hold athletes’usage rate and scoring rate in four phases with hand-shake athletes respectively,there is no significant difference for each(p>0.05);4)the usage rate in serve attack and receive attack phases of both pen-hold and hand-shake players is significantly higher than that in counterattackⅠandⅡphases(p<0.001).Conclusions:1)The number of pen-hold athletes is less than hand-shake athletes and the performance is worse than later one either;2)pen-hold athletes are no longer superior to hand-shake ones in serve attack and receive attack phases;3)serve attack and receive attack phases are core in contemporary table tennis competitions,and therefore pen-hold athletes should consider accentuating their own characteristics to be the key to enhance competitiveness in former 4 shots.