露天石材矿山地质环境影响及生态恢复研究

Study on geological environment influence and ecological restoration of open-pit stone mine

通过对贺州市同乐石灰岩矿现状调查,矿区面积为24.15 hm^(2),矿山主要采用自上而下的露天台阶式开采方式,开采边坡总高度达140 m,总计损毁土地面积为24.80 hm^(2),使矿山地质环境遭受了严重破坏,地质环境影响总面积为122.12 hm^(2)。根据采场边坡、堆料场边坡、岩溶塌陷等易发地质灾害现象,以地形地貌景观的影响和破坏程度、土地资源的占用破坏程度、水土污染的影响和破坏程度为研究对象,采取有效的工程手段,利用采场边坡削整、采场底部开挖排水沟、表土场周边砌筑挡土墙、植被恢复等措施,以消除或减轻地质灾害隐患,改善矿区生态环境,修复已损毁的土地资源,提升历史遗留矿山与周边地形地貌景观的和谐度,促进经济社会的可持续发展。

According to the investigation of Tongle Limestone mine in Hezhou City,the mining area is 24.15 hm^(2),and the mine mainly adopts the top-down open-pit step mining method.The total height of the mining slope is 140 m,and the total area of the damaged land is 24.80 hm^(2).The geological environment of the mine has been seriously damaged,and the total area of the geological environment is 122.12 hm^(2).In this paper,geological disasters such as stope slope,dump slope and karst collapse were analyzed.With landform landscape impact and damage degree,the utilization of land resources destruction,the influence of water and soil pollution and damage degree as the research object,take effective means of engineering,stope slope cutting whole,stope drain at the bottom of the excavation,surface soil field surrounding masonry retaining wall,vegetation restoration and other measures,to eliminate or reduce geological hazard,improving ecological environment of mining area,repair the damaged land resources,improve the harmony between the historical mine and the surrounding landform landscape,in order to promote the sustainable development of the economy and society.