地方性法规设定行政处罚的空间

Space for Setting Administrative Penalties by Local Regulations

从地方治理的现实需要出发,无论地方创制性立法设定“其他行政处罚”,还是地方执行性立法补充、增设违法行为与行政处罚,皆有其必要性与合理性。行政处罚法第12条第3款,赋予了地方执行性立法以行政处罚补充设定权,为确保地方立法机关合理行使该项权力,有必要对其适用空间加以厘定。为避免行政处罚过.多过繁,地方立法机关补充设定行政处罚时,应当遵循“非必要不设定”的原则,并综合考虑义务内容的确定性、合理性和可履行性,以及违法行为的可认定性等多项因素。地方性法规补充设定的行政处罚,只能限于上位法规定的行政处罚种类,且不能突破_上位法规定的处罚幅度。

Depending on the actual needs of local governance, it may be necessary and reasonable for local governments to set “other administrative penalties” through standalone local legislation, or to supplement the local executive regulations with administrative penalties for illegal acts. Article 12 Paragraph 3 of the Administrative Penalty Law empowers local legislative organs to supplement administrative penalties through local executive legislation. In order to ensure that local legislative organs exercise this power reasonably, it is necessary to determine the scope of its application. To avoid excessive or over-complicated administrative penalties, local legislative organs should follow the principle “not to set unless necessary”, and comprehensively consider the certainty, rationality, and fulfilability of the content of the obligations, identifiability of illegal acts, among various other factors, when legislating for supplementary administrative penalties. The permissible administrative penalties to be supplemented by local regulations should be limited to the types of administrative penalties stipulated in the primary legislation, and should not exceed the range of penalties stipulated in the primary legislation.