2016—2020年空军军医大学第一附属医院西京医院胃镜检查确诊食管癌流行病学特征及变化趋势

Epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of esophageal cancer diagnosed by gastroscopy in Xijing Hospital,the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from 2016 to 2020

目的明确近5年来食管癌流行病学特征及变化趋势,为当前我国食管癌防治提供科学数据支持。方法收集空军军医大学第一附属医院西京医院15661例胃镜受检者的临床资料,进行回顾性分析,统计食管癌胃镜检出率及其分布特征。结果本研究食管癌检出率为4.70%,2016—2020年食管癌检出率依次为3.79%、4.03%、4.10%、5.23%、5.42%,呈逐渐升高趋势(P<0.05);男性占比70.79%,女性占比29.21%,男性多于女性(P<0.05);食管癌年龄分布集中于50~<60岁(29.89%)、60~<70岁(34.92%),构成比高于其他年龄段(P<0.05);食管癌病变部位、组织分型分布集中于食管中段(63.99%)、鳞癌(88.99%),构成比高于其他病变部位、组织分型(P<0.05);食管癌患病地域、职业集中在农村(82.20%)、农民(69.70%),构成比高于其他地域、职业(P<0.05)。结论2016—2020年空军军医大学第一附属医院西京医院食管癌检出率呈逐年升高趋势,好发于食管中段,病理类型以鳞癌为主,50岁以上农村男性为高发群体,加强早期筛查非常重要。

Objective To clarify the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of esophageal cancer in the past five years,and to provide scientific data support for the current prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer in China.Methods The clinical data of 15661 patients undergoing gastroscopy in Xijing Hospital,the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University were collected for retrospective analysis,and the detection rate and distribution characteristics by gastroscopy for esophageal cancer were calculated.Results The detection rate of esophageal cancer in this study was 4.70%.From 2016 to 2020,the detection rate of esophageal cancer was 3.79%,4.03%,4.10%,5.23%,and 5.42%,respectively,showing a trend of a gradual increase(P<0.05).The proportion of males and females was 70.79%and 29.21%respectively,and the number of males was larger than that of females(P<0.05).The age distribution of esophageal cancer was mainly in the group over 50 years(29.89%)and over 60 years(34.92%),and the composition ratio was higher than other age groups(P<0.05).The distribution of lesion sites and tissue types of esophageal cancer was mainly in the middle portion of the esophagus(63.99%)and squamous cell carcinoma(88.99%),and the composition ratio was higher than other lesion sites and tissue types(P<0.05).The regions and occupations of esophageal cancer were mainly in rural areas(82.20%)and farmers(69.70%),and the composition ratio was higher than other regions and occupations(P<0.05).Conclusion From 2016 to 2020,the detection rate of esophageal cancer in Xijing Hospital,the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University is increasing year by year.It is more likely to occur in the middle portion of the esophagus,and the main pathological type is squamous cell carcinoma.Rural men over 50 years of age are the high-risk population.Therefore,it is of significance to strengthen early screening.