增强不锈钢表面耐蚀性的研究进展

Research progress on corrosion resistance enhancement of stainless steel

不锈钢是使用范围广泛且环保的一种耐蚀材料,但不锈钢在空气中自钝化形成的氧化膜的耐蚀性不佳,因此后续钝化处理是提高不锈钢表面耐蚀性的重要方法。本文综述了提高不锈钢表面耐蚀方法的研究进展。介绍不锈钢的钝化机理、硝酸钝化方法与柠檬酸钝化方法的最佳工艺。总结动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱、Mott-Schottky曲线、循环伏安法和磨损-电化学腐蚀共五种不锈钢钝化膜耐蚀性测试方法。梳理塑性变形对不锈钢耐蚀性的影响,强调适度的塑性变形能够提高不锈钢耐蚀性。展望不锈钢钝化处理及塑性变形增强不锈钢钝化效应的研究趋势。

Stainless steel is an environmentally friendly corrosion resistant material with a wide range of applications.However,oxidation film on stainless steel surface formed by self-passivation in air has a poor corrosion resistance,so the subsequent passivation treatment is an important way to improve the corrosion resistance of stainless steel.In this paper,the research progress on improving the surface corrosion resistance of stainless steel are reviewed.The passivation mechanisms of stainless steel are introduced,and the nitric acid passivation method and the optimal process of the citric acid passivation method are reviewed.Five testing methods for the corrosion resistance of the passivation film are summarized,including potentiometric polarization curve,electrochemical impedance spectrum,Mott-Schottky curve,cyclic voltammetry,and tribocorrosion.The effects of plastic deformation on corrosion resistance of stainless steel are discussed,and appropriate plastic deformation is able to improve the corrosion resistance.The future research trends of the passivation treatment and the enhancement of passivation effect by plastic deformation are prospected.