叶面喷施硒肥对谷子农艺性状及品质的影响

Effects of foliar application of selenium fertilizer on agronomic traits and grain quality of foxtail millet

[目的]本文旨在指导谷子生产中硒肥施用,探究硒肥对谷子生长过程和籽粒品质的影响。[方法]采用随机区组设计,以本地谷、冀谷19号、晋谷29号及张杂谷8号4个谷子品种为材料,设置3个硒浓度梯度,并利用方差分析、双因素分析、结构方程分析及主成分分析,研究硒肥施用量对不同品种谷子产量及籽粒营养品质的影响。[结果]随着施硒量的增加,本地谷、冀谷19号及晋谷29号的株高、茎粗、粗蛋白及可溶性蛋白有增加趋势,而张杂谷8号株高、茎粗、穗长、穗重、粗蛋白及可溶性糖均呈现先降低后增加趋势,4个品种籽粒硒含量均有显著增加的趋势。双因素分析表明,不同品种谷子品质差异显著,不同施硒浓度对籽粒硒含量影响差异显著。结构方程分析表明,穗重对产量的影响较为显著,施硒浓度对谷子籽粒硒含量、可溶性蛋白及茎粗具有明显影响。主成分分析表明,由可溶性糖、籽粒硒含量及可溶性蛋白等品质组成的第一主成分和由株高、茎粗等农艺性状组成的第二主成分贡献率将近50%。[结论]施硒可明显提高谷子籽粒硒含量,对谷子品质有一定提升作用,过量施硒会使品质降低,施硒对提高产量作用不明显。

[Objective]The purpose of the study was to provide the guidance on the usage of selenium fertilizer in foxtail millet production,and to explore the effects of selenium fertilizer on the foxtail millet growth process and grain quality.[Methods]In this study,a random block design was used,and four foxtail millet varieties,including Local valley,Jigu19,Jingu29 and Zhangzagu8,were selected as the plant material.Three selenium concentration gradients were setup,and the variance analysis,two-factor analysis,Structural equation analysis and principal component analysis were conducted to study the effects of selenium fertilizer application on the yield and grain nutritional quality of different varieties of foxtail millet.[Results]The study results showed that the plant agronomic traits including plant height,stem thickness,crude protein and soluble protein of Local valley,Jigu19 and Jingu29 tended to increase with the increase of selenium application,while plant height,stem thickness,ear length,ear weight,crude protein and soluble sugar of Zhangzagu8 showed a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing trend.The selenium content of the four varieties showed a significant increase trend.The two-factor analysis results indicated that the quality of foxtail millet of different varieties was significantly different,and the difference of selenium content in grains with different selenium concentration was significant(P<0.05).The structural equation analysis came out that the ear weight had a significant impact on the yield,and the selenium concentration put a significant impact on the selenium content in grain,soluble protein and stem thickness of crops.The principal component analysis results displayed that the contribution of first principal components agronomic traits such as plant height and stem thickness and the second principal components of grain selenium content such as soluble protein and other qualities was nearly 50%.[Conclusion]Application of selenium can significantly increase the selenium content in foxtail millet grains and also have a certain effect on improving the quality of foxtail millet but could not increasing the yield significantly.Excessive selenium application will reduce the grain quality.