餐厨堆肥与泥炭配比用于黄瓜育苗基质的研究

Study on the ratio of food waste compost and peat to cucumber seedling substrate

[目的]本文旨在探索餐厨堆肥与泥炭联合用于黄瓜育苗基质的最佳配比。[方法]采用穴盘育苗的方式,以餐厨堆肥和泥炭为原料,按照体积分数分别配制100%餐厨堆肥(T1)、75%餐厨堆肥+25%泥炭(T2)、50%餐厨堆肥+50%泥炭(T3)、25%餐厨堆肥+75%泥炭(T4)及100%泥炭(CK)5种育苗基质,以黄瓜为靶标作物开展育苗试验。参照农业行业标准《NY/T2118-2012蔬菜育苗基质》中的规定测定育苗基质的理化性质和黄瓜植株的生长指标,并采用隶属函数法对黄瓜生长指标进行综合评价。[结果]随着餐厨堆肥替代量的提升,育苗基质的理化性质及黄瓜植株的生长指标均出现显著的变化。所有处理育苗基质的化学性质均未完全达到相关农业行业标准的要求,分析其原因在于未添加辅助原料以调节育苗基质的理化性质。由于餐厨堆肥与泥炭原料成分含量的差异,随着餐厨堆肥替代量的提升,育苗基质的Na^(+)、Cl^(-)、腐殖酸及养分含量均呈显著上升趋势。当餐厨堆肥替代量在50%以内时,育苗基质的物理性质均可保持在理想范围内。随着餐厨堆肥替代量的增加,茎粗、地上部鲜重及壮苗指数等8项植株生长指标逐步降低,当餐厨堆肥替代量为50%时,出苗率等4项植株生长指标及隶属值高于各个处理。[结论]50%餐厨堆肥+50%泥炭最适宜用于黄瓜育苗基质。

[Objective]The purpose of the present study was to explore the best proportion of kitchen compost and peat as the cucumber seedling substrate.[Methods]The cucumber seedlings were selected as the research material,and the hole dish seedling cultivation method was adopted in the study.The mixtures of kitchen compost and past at different volume proportions were used as the cultural substrates.The study included five treatments:100%kitchen compost(T1),75%kitchen compost+25%peat(T2),50%kitchen compost+50%peat(T3),25%kitchen compost+75%peat(T4),and 100%peat(CK).According to the Agricultural Industry Standard《NY/T2118-2012 vegetable Seedling Substrate》,the physicochemical properties of seedling substrate and growth index of cucumber plant were measured,and the comprehensive evaluation of cucumber growth index was carried out by membership function method.[Results]The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the substrate and the growth indexes of cucumber plants changed significantly with the increase of the proportion of kitchen compost.All the chemical properties of seedling substrate in all treatments did not fully meet the requirements of relevant agricultural industry standards.The potential reason was that no auxiliary materials were added to adjust the physical and chemical properties of seedling substrates.The Na^(+),Cl^(-),humic acid and the nutrient contents of seedling substrate were significantly increased with the increase of the proportion of kitchen compost.When the compost volume amount is less than 50%,the physical properties of seedling substrate could be maintained within the ideal range.With the increase of the compost proportion,eight plant growth indexes,including stem diameter,fresh weight of aboveground parts and strong seedling index,decreased gradually.When compost amount was 50%,four plant growth indexes and subordinate values,such a seedling emergence rate and the membership value,were higher than those of other treatments.[Conclusion]The study results indicated that 50%food waste compost+50%peat was the most suitable composition as the cucumber seedling substrate.