2020—2021年越冬季鄱阳湖两处垦殖场农田白鹤数量动态

Dynamics of Grus leucogeranus in two Farms in Poyang Lake during the Winter of 2020—2021

近年来鄱阳湖区农田已成为越冬白鹤的重要觅食地,白鹤在农田的数量动态研究尚不充分。本研究选择白鹤集中越冬的五星、康山垦殖场,采用样线法调查了2020—2021年越冬季两处垦殖场农田的白鹤种群动态。结果表明:7只白鹤2020年10月底到达五星垦殖场藕田觅食,11月有1523只,12月有693只,2021年1月有420只,2月1次调查记录到80只,3月白鹤北迁;康山垦殖场稻田白鹤数量在12月初开始增加,12月有1163只,1月有1536只,2月1次调查记录到543只,3月北迁。五星垦殖场农田白鹤数量高峰期在2020年11月,单次记录达2282只,康山垦殖场高峰期在2021年1月,单次记录达2000只。白鹤全球种群数量现存约3500~4000只,两个垦殖场越冬期单次调查记录均超过白鹤全球种群总数量的50%,农田对鄱阳湖白鹤越冬发挥了重要作用。

In the last few years,more and more Siberian cranes(Grus leucogeranus)were found in the farmland in Poyang Lake where becomes an important feeding site for these cranes.In the summer and autumn of 2020,the water level of Poyang Lake was higher than that in previous years,typical habitats for Siberian cranes with shallow water were formed later than usual.During the winter of 2020—2021,the abundance of Siberian cranes was investigated in Wuxing and Kangshan farms,where cranes collectively come for wintering over the past decade.At the end of October 2020,seven Siberian cranes arrived at Wuxing farm.The average number of Siberian cranes was 1523 in November,693 in December,420 in January 2021,80 in February,and they moved north in March.Siberian cranes in the paddy fields of Kangshan farm began to increase in early December 2020.The average number was 1163 in December and 1536 in January 2021.543 Siberian cranes were recorded in a survey in February,none were recorded in the middle of March.The number of Siberian cranes in Wuxing farm peaked in November 2020,with a single record of 2282,and that in Kangshan farm occurred in January 2021,with a single record of 2000.The peak number of Siberian cranes in the two farms exceeded 50%of the total number of its global population(3500~4000 individuals).Therefore,the farmland in Poyang Lake provides an important feeding habitat for Siberian cranes,making a non-negligible contribution to the wintering of cranes.