大麻二酚制备的研究进展

Research Progress in the Preparation of Cannabidiol

大麻二酚(Cannabidiol,CBD)是从大麻属植物中分离得到的单体,具有广泛的药理作用且没有成瘾性,越来越受药物学家的关注。文章就CBD的植物提取、化学合成、生物合成等制备研究进展进行概括和归纳,以便为CBD制备提供参考。CBD植物提取方法主要有热回流提取法、超临界流体萃取法、超声辅助溶剂法等。化学全合成主要是以2,4-二羟基-6-戊烷基苯甲酸甲酯为原料,在氢氧化钾催化下经过一系列化学反应,重结晶得到CBD;化学半合成主要是把大麻二酚酸(Cannabidiol Acid,CBD-A)脱羧后转变为CBD。生物合成主要是以己酰辅酶A(hexanoyl-CoA)及其他关键催化酶的作用下生成CBD。

Cannabidiol(CBD)is a monomer isolated from cannabis plants,which has been paid more and more attention by pharmacologists because of its wide range of pharmacological effects and no addiction.In this paper,the research progress of plant extraction,chemical synthesis and biosynthesis of CBD is summarized and summarized in order to provide a reference for CBD preparation.CBD plant extraction methods mainly include hot reflux extraction,supercritical fluid extraction,ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction and so on.The total synthesis of CBD is mainly based on the recrystallization of 2,4-dihydroxy-6-pentanyl methyl benzoate through a series of chemical reactions catalyzed by potassium hydroxide,and the semi-synthesis of CBD is mainly based on the decarboxylation of cannabidiol acid(CBD-A)to CBD.Biosynthesis is mainly to generate CBD by the action of hexanoyl-CoA and other key catalytic enzymes.