宋代的劝农教农活动管窥——以真德秀《劝农文》为中心

Persuasions and Teachings of Peasants in Song Dynasty:A Focus on Zhen Dexiu’s Persuasions of Peasants

宋代劝农政策在前代基础上形成定制,中央表现为劝农令和农书的颁行,在地方则是劝农文的颁布与传播。在南宋理学大兴的背景下,劝农文书写也受此学术风气的影响。真德秀作为朱熹之后重要的理学大家,其劝农文既包含以促进农事生产为核心的农业技术和经验,也具有以风俗教化为目的的理学道德秩序内容,反映了承袭朱熹劝农文内容的特质。尽管劝农文的实际作用有限,但在一定程度上成为农业新技术的传播途径,在思想教化上也具有积极意义。

The policy of persuading peasants in the Song Dynasty was customized on the basis of the previous generation,which was manifested in the issuing of the order and the book of persuading peasants in the central government,and the promulgation and dissemination of the literature of persuading peasants in the local government. Within the context of the great prosperity of Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty,the writing of documents urging peasants was also influenced by this academic atmosphere. As an important master of neo-confucianism after Zhu Xi,Zhen Dexiu’s exhortation to peasants contains not only agricultural technology and experience with the core of promoting agricultural production,but also the contents of moral order of neo-confucianism with the purpose of custom education,which reflects the characteristics of inheriting the contents of Zhu Xi’s exhortation to peasants. Although the practical effect of the article is limited,it has become a way of spreading new agricultural technology to a certain extent and has a positive significance in ideological education.