《民法典》对抵押制度的修改以及对船舶抵押权产生的影响

The Amendments of “Civil Code of the PRC” to Mortgage System and Its Affect to Ship Mortgage

船舶抵押融资对造船业、航运业有着至关重要的影响,事关抵押权人、抵押人以及买受人三方之间的利益。过去的立法对抵押财产转让的条件以及正常经营活动中买受人规则的适用范围等做出了严格限制,以此来保护抵押权人的利益。2020年5月28日正式通过的《民法典》对原有抵押制度进行了一系列的修改,改善了实践中抵押权人、抵押人和买受人三方之间利益不平衡的现状。从《民法典》放宽抵押财产转让的条件和扩大正常经营活动中买受人规则的适用范围两方面出发,讨论《民法典》对抵押制度的修改初衷以及对船舶抵押权所产生的影响。

Ship mortgage financing has a vital impact on the shipbuilding and shipping industries, and it bears on the interests of the mortgagee, the mortgagor and the buyer.Previous legislation has imposed strict restrictions on the conditions for the transfer of mortgaged property and the scope of application of the buyer’s rules in normal business activities, so as to protect the interests of the mortgagee. On May 28, 2020, the Civil Code was adopted, and a series of amendments were made to the original mortgage system,addressing the imbalance of interests among the mortgagee,mortgagor and buyer in practice. This article studies the original intention of the amendments to the mortgage system by the Civil Code and the impact on the mortgage of ships from the two aspects of provisions in the Civil Code, i.e.the easing of the conditions for the transfer of mortgaged property and the scope expansion of the application of the buyer’s rules in normal business activities.