轮胎-路面三维力解析模型的建立与简化方法

Establishment and Simplification of Tyre-Pavement 3D Force Analysis Model

研究轮胎-路面之间的三维作用力,对预测路面早期损坏、优化道路设计具有指导作用,同时也是分析车辆动力学性能、研制和改进整车控制系统的有效手段.文中利用ABAQUS有限元仿真软件,建立了轮胎与路面之间相互作用力与胎冠相对轮辋中心位移之间的力-位移多元非线性回归模型;该模型通过分析在三维力作用下轮胎不同位置处节点的变形和位移,实现了不同节点处的轮胎与路面之间作用力的求解,并通过改变充气断面尺寸、不同载荷下沉量等指标使模型有效性得到了验证,为设计并优化位移传感器的布局、提高测量结果的可信度,提供了理论依据.采用带有二次项的多元非线性回归模型对11.00R20载重子午线轮胎进行仿真计算.结果表明,在接地中心角θ不超过±15°范围内,回归模型的三维力预测值相对于预设值的误差不超过±2%.为在兼顾回归模型准确度的前提下,提高该模型的解算效率、降低由位移解算力过程的繁琐性,通过分析完整模型中各子项对力预测结果的贡献度,进一步提出了简化回归模型;当θ≤±15°时,各个节点处完整模型与简化模型均方根误差(RMSE)的最大值相差0.43 kN;当θ≤±9°时,两者差值减小至0.27 kN.分析结果表明,通过对安装在轮胎上的位移传感器所采集的数据进行处理,完整模型和简化模型均能实现轮胎与路面间相互作用三维力的预测和计算,但简化模型的适用范围比完整模型要窄.

The study of the three-dimensional vector value force(3 D force)between the tyre and pavement can guide the prediction of early pavement damage and optimize road design.It is also an effective method for analyzing dynamic vehicle performance and develop and improve vehicle control systems.The multivariate nonlinear regression model of the 3 D force-displacement,which means the displacement of the tire crown relative to the center of the rim,is established using the ABAQUS finite element simulation software.The model is able to realize the solution of the deformation force by analyzing the deformation/displacement at different node positions.By changing the size of the inflatable section and the sinking amount of different loads,its validity is obtained.This provides a theoretical basis for designing and optimizing the layout of displacement sensors and improving the reliability of measurement results.The multivariate nonlinear regression model with a quadratic term is applied to the simulation results of the 11.00 R20 loaded radial tyre.Experimental results show that the error of the regression model relative to the preset 3 D force is less than±2%within the grounding center angleθ≤±15°.A simplified regression model is further proposed by analyzing the contribution of each item in the complete model to the force prediction results to improve the efficiency of the regression model and reduce the complexity of the process of the displacement calculation.The maximum difference of the root mean square error(RMSE)between the predictive value and the preset value of the 3 D force of the complete model and simplified model on each node is 0.43 k N whenθ≤±15°and 0.27 kN whenθis≤±9°.The analyses show that both the complete and simplified models can realize the prediction and calculation of the 3 D force between the tyre and pavement by analyzing the data of the displacement sensor installed on the tyre.However,the application range of the simplified model is narrower than that of the complete one.