耕作方式和播种量对稻茬小麦产量及形态建成的影响

Effects of the Different Tillage Methods and Sowing Rates on Yield and Morphogenesis of Wheat in the Rice-Stubble Wheat System

【目的】为探究稻茬小麦高产的耕作方式和适宜播种量。【方法】研究复合耕作(T1)、浅旋机播(T2)以及免耕稻草覆盖(T3)条件下,不同播种量(D1-150 kg/hm^(2),D2-210 kg/hm^(2)和D3-270 kg/hm^(2))对川麦104干物质积累及产量的影响。【结果】采用复合耕作,播种量为270 kg/hm^(2)时,小麦产量最高,达7.92 kg/hm^(2);不同耕作方式下,小麦产量、有效穗、成穗率、各生育期群体干物质重、抽穗期茎秆节间外径、成熟期株高均表现为:复合耕作>浅旋机播>免耕稻草覆盖;浅旋机播下小麦每穗粒数较复合耕作和免耕稻草覆盖分别高3.61 panicle^(-1)和4.32 panicle^(-1),能协调小麦有效穗和穗粒数间的关系,增加小麦孕穗后干物质积累比例,且抽穗期小麦旗叶长度和成熟期穗长最高。不同耕作方式下提高小麦播种量均能提高小麦产量、有效穗和各生育期群体干物质,但会降低每穗粒数和孕穗后干物质积累比例。复合耕作在高播种量条件下(270 kg/hm^(2))能显著增加有效穗,提高株高和穗长,但降低了茎秆节间外径。浅旋机播下,增加播种量后会增加小麦千粒重,但降低抽穗期旗叶长度、成熟期穗长和株高。【结论】稻茬小麦采用复合耕作,播种量为270 kg/hm^(2)时有效穗数、粒容量、成熟期群体干物质积累重以及产量最高。

【Objective】To explore the effects of the tillage methods and sowing rates on the growth of wheat in the rice-stubble system.【Method】Three different sowing rates(D1-150 kg/hm^(2),D2-210 kg/hm^(2) and D3-270 kg/hm^(2))with three tillage methods including compound tillage(T1),shallow rotating(T2)and no-tillage straw mulching(T3)to invest the yield and morphogenesis of wheat in the rice-stubble wheat system.【Result】The results showed the treatment of T1 with D2 could have the highest yield at 7.92 kg/hm^(2).For the different tillage methods,the yield,the effective panicle number,the panicle rate,the dry matter weight of population at the different growth stages,the outer diameter of the internode of culm at the heading stage and plant height of wheat showed the tendency that T1>T2>T3.The number of grains per panicle of wheat in T2 was 3.61 panicle^(-1) and 4.32 panicle^(-1) higher than that in T1 and T3,respectively.The treatment of T2 could coordinate the relationship between the effective panicle and the number of grains per panicle,increase the dry matter accumulation ratio after booting stage,and have the longest flag leaf at the heading stage and the longest panicle at the maturity stage.Meanwhile,increasing sowing rate could increase the grain yield,the effective panicle number and the dry matter of population of wheat at the different growth stages,but decrease the grain number per panicle and the dry matter accumulation ratio after the booting stage in the different tillage methods.For the high sowing rates(270 kg/hm^(2)),T1 could significantly increase the effective panicle number,plant height,and panicle length,but decrease the diameter of the internode of the culm.Furthermore,increasing sowing rate could increase the 1000-grain weight,decrease the length of flag leaf at the heading stage,panicle length and plant height.【Conclusion】Wheat in the rice-stubble could have highest the effective panicle,number of seeds,dry matter accumulation in maturity population and grain yield.