光固化3D打印技术及光敏树脂的开发与应用

Development and Applications of UV-Curing 3D Printing and Photosensitive Resin

光固化3D打印技术因速度快、精度高、环境友好等优势,已成为一类广泛应用的快速成型工艺。光敏树脂作为光固化3D打印的主体材料,对器件的性能与应用有着决定性影响。本文先介绍了几种已普及和新开发的光固化3D打印成型原理;并对光敏树脂的组成、分子结构和器件性能间的构-效关系进行了分析;进而对光固化3D打印及树脂的应用进行分类介绍;最后对光固化3D打印与光敏树脂的未来发展进行了分析与展望。

UV-curing 3D printing, one of the rapid prototyping technologies, can manufacture various complex objects by the layer-by-layer UV-curing of photosensitive resin. Comparing with other additive manufacturing technologies, it has already become one of the popular ones, due to its advantages of fast curing rate, high precision, eco-friendliness, excellent surface quality, low cost, and so on. Photosensitive resin is the preferred 3D printing main materials for high-precision products, owing to the excellent rheology properties and instant UV-curing characteristics. Generally, photosensitive resin used for 3D printing mainly consists of photosensitive prepolymers, reactive diluents, photo-initiators and a handful of additives. With the wider applications of UV-curing 3D printing, the consumption of photosensitive resin is rapidly increasing. However, there are some urgent problems to photosensitive resin, such as surface oxygen inhibition, high volume shrinkage and unsatisfactory mechanical properties. In view of the lack of systematic discussion on the latest research progress of UV-curing 3D printing and its photosensitive resin, this review focuses on the research advances and development prospect of UV-curing 3D printing and its photosensitive resin accordingly. Firstly, the printing principles and advantages and disadvantages of the universally available and newly-developed UV-curing 3D printing technologies are introduced detailly.Then, the effects of the basic compositions and molecular structures of photosensitive resins on the performances of 3D printed devices are emphatically discussed. The practical applications of UV-curing 3D printing and its photosensitive resins are also presented by living examples, including model making, industrial manufacturing and biomedical devices. Finally, the present status and future development of UV-curing 3D printing and its photosensitive resins are analyzed and prospected.This review will effectively contribute the technological progress and widen applications of UV-curing 3D printing and photosensitive resins.