基于GIS的叶城县核桃种植气候适宜性精细化区划

Regionalization of the Climate Suitability on Walnut-Planting in Yecheng Based on GIS

基于叶城县及其周边20个气象站1981—2019年气温观测数据和同期核桃生长发育的物候资料,确定影响核桃生长发育的3个关键气候因子(≥10℃积温、冬季最低气温≤-25℃日数、终霜冻日早于≥10℃初日天数)作为核桃气候适宜性区划指标,采用GIS空间加权综合评判法对核桃种植气候指标进行精细化分区,结果表明:叶城县影响核桃的各指标因子空间分布主要受海拔高度影响,≥10℃积温总体呈"平原多、山区少"的格局;最低气温≤-25℃日数呈山区向平原逐渐减少的特点;终霜冻日≥10℃初日天数的空间分布总体呈山区少、平原多的格局。在各指标气候要素空间特征的综合作用下,叶城县核桃种植适宜区主要分布在叶城县北部海拔低于1 400 m的平原地带,该区域热量条件能够满足核桃生长发育和优质高产的需求,且遭受越冬冻害的风险很低;次适宜区分布在叶城县中部的山前倾斜平原和丘陵地带;不适宜区分布在叶城县南部山区。

Based on the latest meteorological observed data of 20 stations in Yecheng from 1981 to2019, GIS technology was used to carry out climatic suitability regionalization of Yecheng Walnut cultivation. There were 3 indices of climatic division for pomegranate, such as ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature, days of minimum temperature was lower than-25 ℃, and days of last frost date earlier than the early date of mean temperature higher than 10 ℃ affecting walnut-planting were analyzed by methods of mixed spatial interpolation technology based on ArcGIS. Generally ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature were more in the north than in the south, more in the plain and basin than in the mountain regions. The days of lowest temperature below-25 ℃were more in the south and mountain regions than in the north, plain and basin. The days spatial distribution of last frost date earlier than the early date of mean temperature higher than 10 ℃ were more in the south and mountain regions than in the north.Under the comprehensive influence of the above climatic factors, the climate suitable planting areas of walnut-planting were mainly in the north of Yecheng basin, the area can meet high quality and high yield walnut growth and demand for heat condition, at the same time, the trees suffer from the winter cold injury risk is low, the spring trees lamina, flowering and solid phase suffered from frost damage probability is low, therefore, Yecheng county is the most ideal area for walnut planting industry development;sub-suitable planting areas were mainly in the midfan of Yecheng;Most areas of the southern Yecheng were not suitable for walnut-planting.