我国农业生产的发展方向:从机械化到智慧化

Developing from Mechanized to Smart Agricultural Production in China

"谁来种地,怎样种地"是中国和全世界农业生产面临的共同问题。改革开放以来,我国农业生产的机械化水平已显著提高;而农业生产智慧化是今后社会发展的必然趋势,将以智能装备为基础,以数据和知识为核心要素,使现代科学技术与农业深度融合,实现农业生产全过程的数字化感知、智能化决策、精准化作业和智慧化管理,进一步大幅提高劳动生产率、土地产出率和资源利用率。本文以水稻生产为例介绍了我国农业生产的发展现状,分析了我国农业生产向智慧化生产转变的必要性,总结了我国农业生产向智慧化发展面临的机遇与挑战,据此提出了我国农业生产的发展方向和发展路线。为促进我国农业生产方式从机械化向智慧化转变,本文提出了加强农机装备研发和创新体系建设、加强农机推广体系建设、加强农机社会化服务体系建设、加快智慧农业示范区建设等对策建议。

The mode transformation of agricultural production is a common concern for China and worldwide. Currently, the level of mechanization has been significantly promoted for the agriculture sector in China and smart production becomes an inevitable trend for modern agriculture. Smart agriculture regards data, knowledge, and intelligent equipment as the core elements and integrates modern science and technology with agriculture to realize digital perception, intelligent decision-making, precise operation, and smart management in the entire process of agricultural production, thereby greatly improving labor productivity, resource utilization rate, and land output rate. This article presents the current status of agricultural production in China using rice production as an example,and analyzes the necessity, opportunities, challenges, directions, and route for the intelligent transformation of China’s agriculture. Furthermore, we propose policy suggestions to promote the intelligent development of China’s agricultural production,including(1) strengthening the research and innovation system for agricultural machinery,(2) improving the agricultural machinery promotion system,(3) optimizing the socialized service system for agricultural machinery, and(4) accelerating the construction of smart agriculture demonstration zones.