我国农业水土资源监测与信息服务体系发展战略研究

Strategic Issues of Monitoring and Information Services of Agricultural Water and Land Resources in China

耕地和水资源极为宝贵,农业水土资源的合理开发利用事关国家粮食安全、生态安全与资源安全;实时准确地监测并获取农业水土资源数量及其利用状况信息,对国家稳定、民生福祉、经济社会至关重要。本文梳理了我国农业水土资源监测与信息服务体系发展现状和面临的问题,阐述了水土资源监测与信息服务管理系统构架,针对性提出了领域发展目标:提高农业水土资源利用率和产出率、优化水土资源空间配置,实现农业资源环境监测的自动化、智能化、无人化以及监测信息服务的市场化、社会化。研究分析了在信息技术与农业深度融合的新形势下,未来我国农业水土资源监测的技术发展路线,从基础设施建设、核心技术研发与集成、信息服务三方面提出了重大项目建议。研究认为,加强顶层统筹布局规划,加大科技创新,搭建重要农业资源监测共享平台,推动"政产学研用"协同发展,注重高端人才培养,可为我国农业水土资源监测发展提供坚实保障。

As cropland and water resources are most valuable, the rational development and utilization of agricultural water and land resources are crucial for national food, ecological, and resource security. Therefore, obtaining timely and accurate information about the quantity and utilization of these resources is vital for national stability and socio-economic development. Here, we summarize the status quo and problems of the monitoring and information services of agricultural water and land resources in China, and expound on the framework of a monitoring and information service system. Additionally, we propose the strategic goals, namely, realizing automatic, intelligent, and unmanned monitoring of agricultural resources and environment and marketing the monitoring information services. These goals can be achieved by increasing the efficiency and outcomes of water and land use and optimizing the spatial allocation of agricultural land and water resources. Moreover, we analyze the technological routes for agricultural water and land resource monitoring in the context of the deep integration of information technology and agriculture, and propose specific projects from the aspects of infrastructure construction, core technology development and integration, and information services. Furthermore, we propose the following policy suggestions:(1) strengthening the top-level design,(2) enhancing scientific and technological innovation,(2) building a sharing platform for agricultural resource monitoring,(4) deepening the interaction of government, industry, universities,research institutes, and users of agricultural resources, and(5) promoting high-level talent training. Our study is expected to provide theoretical references for the development of the agricultural water and land resource monitoring in China.