基于生物多样性的樟江流域自然保护地空间优化

Biodiversity-based spatial optimization for natural conservation areas of Zhangjiang River basin

优化生态保护空间格局是我国生态文明建设的重要内容,也是国际保护生态学研究的前沿方向。评估资源禀赋、识别并确定优先次序和预测保护区对保护和管理濒危物种至关重要。樟江流域内已占11.9%流域面积的保护区仍出现77.9%流域面积的生境显著退化,发展与保护亟待合理平衡。Zonation4GUI软件以互补性非穷尽式算法为基础,在优化已有保护网络并表征稀有性和独特性方面结果较为理想,以此展开樟江流域自然保护地空间整合优化路径研究。先人工预处理物种栖息地分布格局、物种保护权重、规划单元,并迭代选择输入性生境退化条件图层、保护代价图层,结合人工干扰情况提出三种不同情景下的优化方案。结果表明:保护优先区对代理物种栖息地有良好的覆盖效果,生态完整性优先情景和最小社会经济和土地资源代价的保护优化情景均呈现扩建小于8%的一级优先区域,所有保护对象均受到保护;加入27%左右的所有优先区域,两种优化方案覆盖所有保护对象栖息地的比例提升70.0%和59.0%。虽然生态完整性优先的优化情景优于最小社会经济和土地资源代价下的优化情景,但保护代价更高。人为干扰强烈的抢救优先的优化情景中,90.7%的保护对象栖息地覆盖范围有明显提升。从技术和操作层面,为重构中国自然保护地体系整合优化方案提供路径和方法。

It assumes an essential role to optimize the spatial pattern of ecological conservation within the scope of ecological civilization construction in China,which is also the frontier orientation of international research regarding ecological conservation.Assessing resource endowments,identifying and prioritizing and predicting conservation areas are critical to the protection and management of endangered species.Although conservation areas account for 11.9%of the Zhangjiang River watershed,significant habitat degradation has occurred across 77.9%of the watershed,highlighting an urgent need to balance development and protection.Based on a complementary non-exhaustive algorithm,the Zonation4GU software can produce ideal outcomes in optimizing existing conservative networks and characterizing rarity and uniqueness.This paper presents a study of the route towards spatial integration and optimization in natural conservations in the Zhangjiang River watershed based on the software.First,the distributional patterns of habitats of species,weights of species protection and planning units were manually preprocessed;the layer of conditions for imported habitat degradation and the layer of protection cost were iteratively selected;finally,optimization solutions to three different scenarios were proposed in combination of the artificial interference.The results show that the area prioritizing protection has an ideal coverage on habitats of proxy species,optimization solutions to scenario prioritizing ecological integrity and that prioritizing the minimum social,economic and land-resource costs both present as tire-1 priority areas with an construction expansion rate smaller than 8%and all protected targets receiving protection;after around 27% of the all priority areas were incorporated, the two optimization solutions exhibited a 70.0% and 59.0% rise, respectively, in covering the habitats of all protected targets. Although the optimization scenario prioritizing ecological integrity produces better performances than that prioritizing the minimum social, economic and land-resource costs, it entails a higher cost of protection. With respect to the optimization scenario prioritizing intense artificial interference such as urgent conservation, 90.7% of the inhabits for the protected targets have seen a significant coverage increase. From the technical and operative perspective, this study provides a viable route towards creating an integration and optimization solution to China’s natural conservation system.