教师专业道德建构——以王阳明“致良知”学说为分析工具

On the Construction of Teachers’ Professional Morality:An Analysis Based on Wang Yangming’s Theory of "Conscience"

教师专业道德是师道与师德的内在统一,是专业价值与主体价值的内在统一,表征为基于德福一致原则的自监督机制,帮助教师在不断变化着的教育情境之中,于内心建构深层稳定的价值根性,促使外在的师德规范获得内在的价值依据。王阳明的"致良知"学说强调致内在德性、立内在心性,不仅可为洞见教师专业道德之深层价值根性提供恰切的分析工具,而且可以帮助探明教师专业道德的建构路径:在专业承诺层面立其志;通过事事磨砺的知行合一之师德实践,逐步澄清、确证、珍视专业的内在价值;以师德的专业理想境界作为伦理支撑及价值引领。师德的专业理想境界既是利他奉献的,同时内蕴着对教师自身幸福的价值关切,应避免自我与他人之间的伦理不对称性。师德的专业理想境界是圆融共生的,以美善育美善,教师专业的内在之善、教师自身的幸福及学生的幸福皆涵蕴其间,共同形成建构教师专业道德的合力。

Teachers’ professional morality,which serves as the internal unity of not only teachers’ due norms and morality but also their professional value and inner value,presents a mechanism of self-supervision based on the principle of the "consistency between morality and happiness";it helps teachers construct the deep and stable root of value in their minds in the constantly changing situations of education,and urges teachers’ moral norms to acquire the base of intrinsic value. Wang Yangming’s theory of "conscience," which emphasized "gaining inner virtue" and "establishing conscience-oriented human nature," helped not only provide an appropriate analytical tool for an insight into the deep root of the value of teachers’ professional morality,but also explore the access to teachers’ professional morality:establishing an ambition in terms of professional commitment;clarifying,confirming and cherishing the intrinsic value of teachers’ profession through moral practice based on the unity of cognition and action;and using teachers’ professional ideals as an ethic support and a guide to value. Teachers’ professional ideals are altruistic,and they contain the concern over the value of teachers’ happiness;thus,the asymmetrical ethics between teachers and others should be avoided. Being integrated and coexistent,teachers’ professional ideals help cultivate virtues through virtues;teachers’ inner virtue in their profession,their happiness,and their students’ happiness,which are all contained in teachers’ professional ideals,jointly help construct teachers’ professional morals.