基于GIS空间分析的中小学学校区划和可达性研究——以汉中市主城区为例

Studies on District Division and Accessibility of Primary and Middle School Based on GIS Spatial Analysis——A Case Study of Main Urban Region of Hanzhong City

学区规划的合理性和科学性是基础教育管理工作的重要内容之一。文中以汉中市主城区的中小学为研究对象,借助GIS(Geographical Information System)服务区分析和两步移动搜寻法,基于城市路网、居民区、中小学校数据和人口统计资料,分析汉中市主城区16所小学、5所初级中学的服务范围、时间和距离可达性。结果表明:汉中市主城区的中小学学校分布和可达性均具有不平衡性,距离和时间可达性由中心城区向城郊地区递减。其中,3所小学的平均可达时间大于20 min,平均距离成本大于1 km,可达性较差;中学和小学空间分布不均衡,中心城区过于密集,且学区区划范围偏小,城市郊区中小学校分布少且学区区划范围较大。此外,适当完善城市基础道路设施建设和提高路网密度,形成主城区和郊区路网一体化,可提升城市中小学校的可达性。

The rationality and scientificity of school district division had been one of the important contents of basic education management.This paper selected the primary and secondary schools in the main urban area of Hanzhong city as the research object.The service scope,accessibility time and distance of 16 primary schools and 5 junior middle schools in the main urban area of Hanzhong city were analyzed with the help of GIS(Geographical Information System)service area analysis and two-step floating catchment area method,based on the dataset of urban road network,residential areas,primary and junior middle schools and demographic data.The results show that the distribution and accessibility of primary and junior middle schools in the main urban area of Hanzhong city is unbalanced,and the distance and time accessibility decreases from the central urban area to the suburban area.The average accessible time of the three primary schools is more than 20 minutes,and the average distance cost is more than 1 kilometer,which the accessibility of 3 primary schools is poor.The spatial distribution of primary and junior middle schools in the main urban area is also unbalanced,the central urban area is too dense,and the spatial scope of the school district division is smaller,and the school distribution in the suburban area is less and the spatial scope of the school district division is larger.In addition,it is necessary to improve the road infrastructure construction and increase the road network density to form the integration of the main urban area and suburban road network,so as to improve the accessibility of primary and junior middle schools in the urban area.