放射性肺损伤的发生及预防进展

Progress in occurrence and prevention of radiation-induced lung injury

放射性肺损伤(RILI)是胸部肿瘤放疗后常发生的一种并发症,包括急性放射性肺炎(RP)和放射性肺纤维化(RPF),主要表现为干咳、低热、气短,重者可表现为呼吸困难、胸痛、持续性干咳。放射性肺损伤不仅限制肿瘤放射剂量,同时降低疗效与患者的生活质量。由于肺对放射线的敏感性较高,当其接受一定量的射线辐射时就可能发生放射性损伤。目前认为RILI是由多细胞、多因子、多基因参与的复杂、动态反应过程,尚缺乏有效的预测指标和特效治疗方法,因此,探讨RILI的发生机制及有效预防措施具有重要意义。本文通过对近几年有关RILI的相关研究进行总结归纳,对其发生机制、预防措施作一综述。

Radiation-induced lung injury(RILI)is a common complication of chest tumor after radiotherapy,including acute radiation pneumonitis and radiation pulmonary fibrosis.The main clinical symptom of RILI includes short of breath,low fever and cough.In severe cases,It may be characterized by dyspnea,chest pain and persistent cough.Radiation-induced lung injury not only limits the radiotherapy dose,but also reduces the curative effect and quality of life of patients.Due to the high sensitivity of the lungs to radiation,radiation damage may occur when the lungs are exposed to a certain dose of radiation.At present,it is considered that RILI is a complex and dynamic reaction process with the participation of multiple cells,cytokines and genes,and there is no effective forecast index and specific treatment for it.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore the occurrence mechanism and effective preventive measures of RILI.In this article,recent RILI-related studies have been summarized to unravel the occurrence mechanism and prevention of RILI.