社会转型期传统村落空间的类型及保护

Types and Conservation of Traditional Village Space Amid Social Transition

自我国进入社会转型阶段以来,城镇化进程对传统村落的生产、生活方式与价值观造成冲击,承载中国传统乡土社会结构与情感的村落空间逐渐从内部瓦解。须重新思考传统村落空间类型以及在发展过程中导致传统与现实冲突的根本因素,分析缓解冲突的可行途径。根据空间形态的差异可将传统村落空间分为物质空间和非物质空间。传统村落聚落形态的差异会对其文化空间产生形塑作用,而传统礼俗社会与现代法理社会之间的观念矛盾亦成为传统村落保护进程中的一道鸿沟。人是连接物质空间与非物质空间的行动主体,保护传统村落的前提是留住村落中的原住民,故应加强基础设施及公共服务建设来均衡资源分配、改善人居质量,培育地方性品牌来提高生产内驱力,完善道路和交通方式来保障生产运输通道,以整体性原则保护村落历史风貌。

At the moment, China is still transitioning from a traditional society to a modern society. During this process, how to strike a balance between the needs for social and economic development and the needs for the inheritance of cultural traditions has become one of the key issues needing to be addressed.The opinions and conclusions of this paper mainly fall into three aspects. First, the village is the basic unit of traditional Chinese rural society and the traditional village is the spatial carrier of production and communication activities implemented by the villagers. According to the difference in spatial forms, traditional village space can be divided into physical space and non-physical space.Second, the difference in settlement pattern has a shaping effect on the cultural space of a traditional village, while the discrepancy in notions between the Gemeinschaft(traditional community) and the Gesellschaft(modern society) has created a huge barrier for the conservation of traditional villages. Third, since humans are the key actors connecting the physical space and the non-physical space,only by retaining the indigenous people in their home village can such a traditional village be conserved. Therefore, it is necessary to balance the allocation of resources and improve the human settlement environment by stepping up infrastructure construction and public services, to enhance the internal driving force of production by cultivating local brands, to secure the production and transport channels by improving road conditions and means of transportation, and to conserve the historical features of the traditional villages by adhering to the principle of holism.By reviewing and summarizing the types and characteristics of traditional village space, this paper rethinks the types of it and the fundamental factors that lead to the conflict between the tradition and reality in development. On this basis, this paper analyzes and suggests feasible ways to alleviate the conflict.