幼儿对他人反事实情绪的理解——来自传统实验和眼动实验的证据

Children’s Understanding of Counterfactual Emotions in Others——Evidence from Traditional Experiment and Eye Movement Experiment

采用传统研究方法和眼动技术的结合,探讨4-5岁幼儿对他人反事实情绪的理解情况。给幼儿讲述一个情绪故事,并在电脑屏幕上依次呈现与故事情景一致的图片,然后提问并让幼儿口头回答,同时记录其眼动特点。结果发现:1)4-5岁幼儿在他人反事实情绪理解中的发展水平是一致的;2)5岁幼儿对庆幸情绪的理解好于对后悔情绪的理解;3)不同的故事情境不会影响幼儿对故事角色面部表情的注视情况,高理解水平与低理解水平的人在不同的反事实情绪理解故事中均不存在显著差异,这说明在眼动注视特点上他们情况的一致性。研究结论:4-5岁幼儿开始能够理解他人反事实情绪,眼动特点可以在理解水平上做出一定解释。

Using a combination of traditional research methods and eye movement techniques,this study explored how 4-5 year old children understand others’ counterfactual emotions. In the experiment,researchers told children an emotional story,presented pictures that fit the story on the computer screen in certain order,and then asked them to talk orally,and at the same time,researchers tried to record the characteristics of their eye movements. The results showed that : 1)children of 4-5 years old have the same level of development in the understanding of others’ counterfactual emotions;2)5-year-old children have a better understanding of the emotion of happiness than the emotion of regret;3)different story situations do not affect children’s fixation on the facial expressions of the story characters,and there is no significant difference showed in different counterfactual emotional understanding of the story between different levels of understanding,which indicated that they have the same situation in the characteristics of eye movement fixation. The conclusion of this study is that 4-5 year old children begin to understand other people’s counterfactual emotions,and the characteristics of eye movement can be explained to some extent at the level of understanding.