广州都市区租房户的空间分异与居住选择倾向

Spatial differentiation of renters and their propensities in residential choice in Guangzhou Metropolitan Area

城市居民购房与租房的居住选择倾向及其机制存在差异,但当前对租房方面的研究仍显不足。鉴于此,本文构建城市租房户居住选择过程中“好房子、好位置、低租金”不可兼得的“不可能三角”理论框架及其基本理论模型,这为研究租房户居住选择倾向提供了一个新的视角。以广州都市区1328个社区为案例,得出广州都市区的租房户比例呈现核心区低,中心城区和近郊区较高的空间分异格局,并呈现显著的空间关联特征。构建广州都市区租房户居住选择倾向因素指标体系,该体系由租金水平、住房自身条件和区位条件三大类9个指标构成。通过空间误差模型分析表明,广州都市区租房户倾向于居住在低租金水平和房龄较新的社区,且被动选择租住在住房建筑面积较小、住房内部设施较差、日常生活便利性较差的社区中。该结论可丰富和完善中国特大城市居民租房选择理论,为特大城市租赁住房政策制定提供决策参考。

The residential choice of urban residents is a classic topic in urban geography research.However,researchers have paid less attention to renting behaviour.Although residential choice tendency and the mechanism between housing renters and buyers differ in a city,the existing research on renters remains insufficient.The soaring housing prices in China's megacities make it increasingly difficult for residents to buy houses.Renting apartments has become an important way to solve the housing problem in China's megacities.It is necessary to build a suitable theoretical framework for tenants'living choices with more case studies.Accordingly,this study constructs a theoretical framework and basic theoretical model of the“impossible triangle”,having a suitable house with good location and appropriate price simultaneously.In doing so,it provides a new perspective for studying renters'residential choice tendency.Based on a study of 1328 communities in the Guangzhou Metropolitan Area(GMA),the proportion of renters is found to be low in the core area,and high in the central city and suburban areas,and it has obvious spatial correlation characteristics.Then,an index system,consisting of nine indicators in three major categories,was constructed for analyzing the propensities of renter households when residents choose their dwellings in the GMA.These categories were rent level,housing conditions(including building age,building area,and housing internal facilities),and location conditions(including daily life convenience,public services accessibility,peripheral positive landscape and environment,peripheral aversion facilities,and distance from Central Business District).Based on the spatial error model,we can draw the conclusion that renters in the GMA tended to live in communities with low rent levels and relatively new housing.Furthermore,they passively chose to rent in communities with relatively small building areas with poor internal facilities and accessibility.These findings can enrich and perfect the rental choice theory in megacities in China and provide a decision-making reference for the formulation of relevant policies.