汉藏语类型比较方法论

Some Issues of Comparative Methodology of Sino-Tibetan Typology

本文通过具体的语言实例,论述语言类型学方法是汉藏语研究的有效方法,认为它对于深入揭示汉藏语的深层特点和历史演变规律具有重要作用。同时特别强调汉语和非汉语的类型比较研究是汉藏语研究中的一项重要任务。文章还认为,在进行类型比较的具体操作中要注意以下三个方法论问题:1)要区分亲属语言和非亲属语言,把握各自类型的特点;2)要重视发掘分析型语言强弱不同的类型特点,从中发现不同类型的特点;3)要发挥词源比较在语言类型研究中的作用,从词源异同中发现新的语言特点。

This paper holds that linguistic typological approaches are effective in studying Sino-Tibetan languages,and important to the exploration of their features and the discovery of historical language change principles.The comparative typological study between Chinese and non-Chinese languages is an important task of Sino-Tibetan languages research.Three methodological principles need to be emphasized in practical operation,namely the differentiation between relative languages and non-relative languages according to their respective features,the exploration of the features of strong and weak differences inside the analytic languages,and the analysis of new linguistic features from the etymological perspective.